硫酸法钛石膏作为土壤调理剂在油菜上的施用效果研究  

Effects of Titanium Gypsum Produced by Sulfuric Acid Method as Soil Conditioner on Rape Seedlings

作　　者：王晓琪[1] 姚媛媛 陈宝成[1] 刘之广[1] 朱家辉[1] 周华敏[1] 梁海[1] 陈剑秋 WANG Xiaoqi;YAO Yuanyuan;CHEN Baocheng;LIU Zhiguang;ZHU Jiahui;ZHOU Huamin;LIANG Hai;CHEN Jianqiu(National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer,College of Resource and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai Pan,Shandong 271018;State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization,Linshu,Shandong 276000)

机构地区：[1]土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [2]养分资源高效开发与综合利用国家重点实验室,山东临沭276000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2018年第4期333-338,345,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200706)

摘　　要：为研究钛白粉生产过程中经无害化处理的副产品钛石膏作为土壤调理剂的施用效果及安全性,试验对供试钛石膏通过成分鉴定—土柱淋溶—盆栽种植的方式,研究了钛石膏和钛石膏淋溶液中的有害元素含量以及钛石膏与土壤不同比例掺混后对油菜生长、产量和功能叶光合速率影响。结果表明:钛石膏主要成分为CaSO_4和Fe_2O_3,固体中的重金属含量均符合国家安全标准。钛石膏淋溶液中含有较少量的Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+),不含其他有害物质,施用后不会随雨水和灌溉污染土壤和地下水。随着钛石膏添加比例的增加,油菜产量呈先增高后降低的趋势,过量的钛石膏施用会抑制油菜的生长。钛石膏与土壤按照1∶4体积比混合施用后效果最好,与常规土壤栽培方式相比,油菜出苗20天后功能叶蒸腾速率提高了11.86%;出苗30天后功能叶SPAD值增加了4.33%,收获时油菜株高提高了12.97%,产量增加了14.08%。相关性分析显示,油菜产量(y)与钛石膏添加比例(x)的关系为y=0.0001x^3-0.0212x^2+0.6966x+41.815(R^2=0.999 4),综合考虑函数及其他因素,在实际生产中若每公顷施用300t的钛石膏能起到最佳增产效果。In order to study the application effect and safety of the titanium gypsum with harmless treatment as a soil conditioner,we employed a systematic test of ingredients identification,soil column leaching,and potted experiment to study the content of harmful elements in titanium gypsum and titanium gypsum leaching solution,and to study the effect of gypsum on the growth,yield and leaf photosynthetic rate of rape seedlings simultaneously.Results showed that the main elements in leachate were calcium sulfate and iron oxide,all content of heavy metals in titanium gypsum were below the national safety standards,the presence of elements in the leachate did not contaminate the soil and groundwater after application.With the increase proportion of titanium gypsum,rape seedlings production increased firstly and then decreased,excessive titanium gypsum could inhibit the growth of rape seedlings.Titanium gypsum showed the best effect at the ratio of 1∶4 to the soil.The leaf transpiration rate increased by 11.86% after 20 days of seedling emergence as compared to that of conventional soil cultivation.Thirty days after seedling emergence,the plant photosynthesis,plant height,and biomass increased by 4.33%,12.97%,and 14.08% than those of the conventional soil cultivation,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that the relationship between yield（y）of rape seedlings and the addition ratio（x）of titanium gypsum was y=0.0001 x^3-0.0212 x^2＋0.6966 x＋41.815（R2=0.999 4）.In actual production,the application of 300 tons of titanium gypsum per hectare should be the best application dose to improve the crop productivity.

关 键 词：钛石膏 土壤调理剂 施用比例 油菜生长 再利用 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学] S565.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]