基于LUCC的新疆沙尘源空间格局及转化机理分析  

Transformation and spatio-temporal distribution of sand-dust sourcesin Xinjiang based on LUCC

作　　者：张宁宁 房世峰[1] 杜加强[3,4] 吴骅[1] ZHANG Ning-ning;FANG Shi-feng;DU Jia-qiang;WU Hua(Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resource Research,CAS,Beifing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Ecological Environment Research,CRAES,Beijing 100012,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment CRAES,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国环境科学研究院生态环境研究所,北京100012 [4]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2018年第5期1053-1063,共11页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)课题(XDA13010401);国家自然科学基金项目(U1503184);国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC1402903)资助

摘　　要：我国北方地区春夏季节沙尘天气频发,精准识别沙尘源区对于沙尘天气预报及区域生态环境治理意义重大。以新疆为典型研究区,采用2000、2005年和2010年3期土地利用/土地覆被数据,分析了新疆沙尘源的空间分布格局,并基于土地类型转移矩阵分析了不同类型沙尘源的转化情况。结果显示:新疆沙尘源的正、逆向转化主要跟人类活动相关。(1)沙漠/沙地转化敏感区主要分布于塔克拉玛干沙漠的西北边缘地区;转化为裸土类型沙尘源最主要的土地类型为河流/湖泊和草地,其中河流/湖泊的转化主要受自然条件影响,而草地的转化则是由过度放牧所导致。(2)岳普湖、伽师和巴楚等县区存在过度放牧现象;塔里木盆地北部以及准噶尔盆地内部等绿洲—荒漠交错带及人口聚集区域,存在大面积的垦荒现象。(3)新疆地区绿洲—荒漠交错带面积广阔,但其生态系统脆弱,为潜在的沙尘源区,应科学划定生态保护区,禁止过度放牧和无序垦荒。本文研究结果有望为区域生态环境治理及农牧业发展提供科学依据。Sand-dust sources provide material sources for dust weather via strong winds, so accurate identification of sand-dust sources plays an important role on forecasting of sand-dust weather and the improvement of regional eco-environment. So far, there are many researches on sand-dust sources focused on its temporal-spatial distribution characteristics and material composition, but transformation mechanisms of sand-dust sources have not caused extensive concern. Sand-dust weather takes place constantly in spring and summer in northern China, especially in the south of Xinjiang where the sand-dust weather is characteristic of high intensity and long duration. Therefore, this paper analyzed temporal-spatial distribution of sand-dust sources based on three years of land use and land cover product （2000,2005 and 2010） in Xinjiang and discussed the transformation mechanisms of different types of sand- dust sources by means of land use transition matrix. The results showed that the positive and negative transition of sand-dust sources are mainly related to human activities in Xinjiang. The sensitive areas of transformation of desert/ sand land sand-dust sources are mainly distributed in the northwest edge of Taklimakan Desert. The main types of land use and land cover that were transitioned into bare soil sand-dust sources are rivers/lakes and grassland, and the transformation of rivers/lakes mainly caused by natural conditions including high temperature and drought, and the transformation of grassland mainly caused by over-grazing. The ecological environment had been destroyed heavily by excessive reclamation in the oasis-desert ecotones and the populated areas of the Junggar Basin and the north of the Tarim Basin. Xinjiang has large areas of oasis-desert ecotones, but they are potential dust source areas because of its fragile ecological system. Accordingly, the oasis-desert ecotones should be protected scientifically to prevent overgrazing and over-reclamation. This paper recognized and extracted dust source areas b

关 键 词：沙尘源 土地利用/覆被变化 人类活动 新疆 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]