农田机械压实对土壤物理特性的影响  

Influence on soil physical properties for farmland mechanical compaction

作　　者：周艳丽[1] 卢秉福 Zhou Yanli;Lu Bingfu(College of Agricultural Resource and Environment,Heilongjiang University,Harbin,150080,China;Crops Research Institute,Heilongjiang University,Harbin,150080,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学农业资源与环境学院,哈尔滨市150080 [2]黑龙江大学农作物研究院,哈尔滨市150080

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2018年第9期66-70,共5页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(C201239);黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目(12541636);黑龙江省人力资源和社会保障厅引智项目(201800032)

摘　　要：土壤机械压实是由于机械化作业引起的土壤颗粒重新组合排列的更为紧密,导致土壤结构破坏,土壤质量下降,对作物生长造成不利影响,致使作物减产。通过对经过碾压后孔隙度、坚实度、土壤容重、土壤含水量、机组作业阻力等指标分析,发现农田经过碾压后变化最大处在耕层5~10cm,土壤容重、坚实度分别增大13.34%、127.27%,孔隙度、含水量分别降低6.61个百分点、1.4个百分点,深层土壤变化幅度较小,拐点在10cm处。土壤压实还会引起机组作业阻力增加,拖拉机油耗上升。土壤压实作用具有累积效果,碾压1~3次后土壤容重、坚实度增大幅度变小,孔隙度、含水量降低幅度减缓。因此,在作物生产机械化发展的同时,应采取可行农机与农艺技术结合措施,增加复合作业,减少拖拉机机组进地次数,保护土壤环境,实现农业可持续生产。Soil mechanical compaction brought about the soil particles to be rearranged more closely caused by mechanization,which leads to the destruction of soil structure,the decline of soil quality and the negative effects on crops growth,resulting in crops yield reduction.Through the analysis of the index of porosity,firmness,bulk density,moisture content of soil after rolling,it is found that the maximum change is in the 5-10 cm of the plough layer of farmland,the soil bulk density and firmness increase by 13.34%,127.27%respectively,and the porosity and water content are reduced by 6.61 percentage points and 1.4 percentage points respectively,the change of deep soil was small and the inflection point was at 10 cm of the plough layer.Soil compaction would also lead to increase of the working resistance and raise the fuel consumption of the tractor.Soil compaction had cumulative effect,soil bulk density and firmness increased slightly,and porosity and water content decreased slowly after rolling 1-3 times.Therefore,it was adopted the feasible measures of combining agricultural machinery and agronomy technology,increased the compound operation,reduced the number of tractor units to enter the land in the development of crops production mechanization,which could protect the soil environment to realize the sustainable agricultural production.

关 键 词：农田 土壤压实 作物 农业机械 

分 类 号：S233.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]