D-酪氨酰-tRNA脱酰基酶的研究进展  

Research Progress of D-Tyr-tRNA^(Tyr) Deacylase

作　　者：张晓刚 刘楠[1] ZHANG Xiao-gang;LIU Nan(School of Life Science and Technology,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 210009,China)

机构地区：[1]中国药科大学生命科学与技术学院,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《药物生物技术》2018年第4期372-376,共5页Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

摘　　要：D-酪氨酰-tRNA脱酰基酶广泛存在于细菌、真核生物、古生菌等多种生物体中,其主要功能是水解D-氨酰-tRNA成游离的D-氨基酸和tRNA,避免D-氨基酸对生物体的毒性,对于不同生物体的生长均有重要作用。D-酪氨酰-tRNA脱酰基酶在不同生物中序列高度保守,使得其水解功能具有一致性及稳定性。D-酪氨酰-tRNA脱酰基酶利用自身的Gly-cis Pro二肽模块识别并排除L-氨基酸,捕获D-氨酰-tRNA,并通过亲核催化反应水解底物产生游离的产物,具有底物选择性。随着近年来研究的深入,科学家研究发现D-酪氨酰-tRNA脱酰基酶具有抑制生物膜分解、增加对乙醇的抗性等特殊功能。文章从D-酪氨酰-tRNA脱酰基酶的种类、晶体结构、催化机制、功能及其应用等方面进行了综述,并在此基础上对D-酪氨酰-tRNA脱酰基酶的应用及功能进行了展望。D-Tyr-tRNATyrdeacylase is widely found in various organisms such as bacteria,eukaryotes and archaea. D-Tyr-tRNATyr deacylase plays an important part in the function of avoiding D-aminoacid toxicity to organisms by hydrolyzing D-aminoacyl-tRNAs into free D-amino acids and tRNA. D-Tyr-tRNATyrdeacylase is highly conserved among different organisms to ensure consistency and stability of their hydrolytic functions. D-Tyr-tRNATyrdeacylase has substrate selectivity by using its own Gly-cis Pro dipeptide module to repel L-amino acids and capture D-aminoacyl-tRNAs. In addition,D-Tyr-tRNATyrdeacylase hydrolyzes the substrate to generate products by a nucleophilic catalytic reaction mechanism. In recent years,scientists have found that D-Tyr-tRNATyrdeacylase can also inhibit the decomposition of biofilm,increase resistance to ethanol and so on,which implies the significance for more research on DTyr-tRNATyrdeacylase. This review has summarized the classifications,crystal structures,catalytic mechanisms,and functions of DTyr-tRNATyrdeacylase. Based on this,the prospects and applications of D-Tyr-tRNATyrdeacylase have been also discussed.

关 键 词：D-酪氨酰-tRNA脱酰基酶 机制 结构 D-氨基酸 阿尔兹海默症 热激反应 药物靶点 

分 类 号：Q55[生物学—生物化学]