反思英俄中亚“大博弈”——进程、实质、特点及历史镜鉴意义  

Rethinking the Britain-Russia "Great Game" in Central Asia:Process,Essence,Characteristics and its Significance for Contemporary World Affairs

作　　者：杜哲元 

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯研究》2018年第4期163-196,共34页Russian Studies

摘　　要：英俄中亚"大博弈"在持续时间、竞争烈度和过程的复杂曲折性上,都要远远超过这两个国家同一时期在亚洲其他区域的博弈。从1864年俄国对中亚河中地区大举展开征服战争,到1895年英俄签订划分帕米尔势力范围协定,这场博弈可以分为三个阶段:博弈的开始(1864-1873年)、博弈的高潮(1874-1885年)和博弈的落幕(1886-1895年)。英俄中亚"大博弈"的实质,是作为海上霸权国的英国与作为欧亚大陆枢纽地带强国的俄罗斯,为竞逐亚洲霸权而展开的地缘政治斗争。它们在亚洲的权势对它们在欧洲的权势以及它们的全球地位和国运兴衰,都有着相当重要的影响。在这一历史过程中,英俄两国既不乏明智之举,也实施了不少激进的政策,留给了后世大国诸多可资借鉴的经验和教训。对于正在中亚地区积极推动"一带一路"倡议的中国而言,这些经验和教训更需要予以重视。反思历史,对照当代,中国在中亚事务上坚持既定政策的同时,还须对"国家威望"问题、"间接路线"问题与"帝国坟墓"问题保持全面和客观的认识。In terms of duration, competition intensity and complex twists and turns of the course, the Britain-Russian “great game” in Central Asia far exceeds the game between these two countries in other parts of Asia during the same period. In 1864, Russia started a conquest war on Central Asia in Transoxiana. By 1895, Great Britain and Russia signed an agreement on the division of the Pamir sphere. This game could be divided into three stages： the beginning stage （1864-1873）, the climax stage （1874-1885） and the end stage （1886-1895）. The essence of the Britain-Russia “great game” is the geopolitical struggle for hegemony in Asia with Great Britain as the maritime hegemonic power and Russia as the Eurasian hub power. Their power in Asia has a significant impact on their power in Europe, their global status and even the rise and fall of their countries. In this historical process, both Great Britain and Russia wisely carried out or implemented many radical policies, leaving quite a few experiences and lessons for major countries of later generations. For China, who is actively promoting the “Belt and Road Initiative” in Central Asia, these experiences and lessons especially need to considered. Reflecting on history and comparing with contemporary issues, China should maintain a comprehensive and objective understanding of such issues as “national prestige”, “indirect lines” and “empire＇s grave” while adhering to established policies in Central Asian affairs.

关 键 词：英俄大博弈 英俄关系 中亚历史 帝国坟墓 

分 类 号：D851.2[政治法律—政治学]