工业化城市化进程中的乡村减贫40年  

Forty Years' Rural Poverty Reduction in the Chinese Industrialization and Urbanization

作　　者：朱玲[1] 何伟[1] Zhu Ling;He Wei(Institute of Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Science)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所

出　　处：《劳动经济研究》2018年第4期3-31,共29页Studies in Labor Economics

基　　金：中国社会科学院学部委员资助项目"隐性城乡分隔对农村发展的影响"的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：改革开放40年间,中国已基本消除饥饿,到2017年底,共有7亿多乡村人口摆脱了贫穷,贫困发生率下降到大约3%。这主要归因于:第一,农民渐次赢得了在计划经济体制确立过程中丧失的经济自由;第二,国家高层决策群体回应公众诉求,引领人民转向市场经济,实现了高速经济增长;第三,政府不断强化基础设施和人力资本投资,并将社会保障制度推广到全国城乡;第四,全社会动员,针对受限于不利区位和能力薄弱的群体,持续采取综合性扶贫措施。当前,财政扶贫资金的边际减贫效果明显递减。因而有必要排除行政力量对贫困户经营决策的直接干预,拓宽合作社经济发展的制度空间。同时,消除城乡居民的权利不平等,促进贫困家庭的劳动力转移和乡村人口的城市化。China has basically eliminated starvation in the recent four decades of reform and opening to the outside world. Up to the end of 2017, the poverty incidence rate declined to around 3 percent and more than 700 million rural people got rid of poverty. Such great achievements are mainly attributed to the following factors. First of all, farmers have gradually obtained their economic freedom deprived under the planned economy. Second, in response to the desire of the nationwide public, the high level policy-making group of the state led the Chinese people to turn to the market economy, achieving high-speed economic growth. Third, governments at different levels have increasingly invested in infrastructure and human capital while extending the coverage of social protection to both urban and rural sectors of the country. Fourth, comprehensive actions with a broad social mobilization have been continuously undertaken for alleviating poverty of those lacking capabilities and living in extremely disadvantageous areas. Currently, the marginal return to the financial assistance for poverty reduction is apparently declining. Therefore, it is necessary to remove administrative intervention in the business decisions of poor households, while creating an institutional environment favorable to the development of cooperative economies. Moreover, it is also essential to eliminate rural-urban inequalities in the socioeconomic and political rights as well as to promote labor mobility of the poor and urbanization of the rural people.

关 键 词：改革开放40年 二元经济转型 城乡分隔 乡村减贫 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]