风力发电机叶片叶尖段外覆导体接闪系统的雷击防护性能研究  

Research on the Performance of the Lightning Protection System With Overlying Conductors on the Tip of the Wind Turbine Blades

作　　者：何天宇 陈维江[2] 贺恒鑫[3] 时卫东 边凯 李新凯 向念文 黄胜鑫 顾建伟 傅中[6] HE Tianyu;CHEN Weijiang;HE Hengxin;SHI Weidong;BIAN Kai;LI Xinkai;XIANG Nianwen;HUANG Shengxin;GU Jianwei;FU Zhong(China Electric Power Research Institute,Haidian District,Beijing 100192,China;State Grid Corporation of China,Xicheng District,Beijing 100031,China;Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,Hubei Province,China;Institute of Engineering Therrnophysics,Chinese Academy of Science,Haidian District,Beijing 100190,China;Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,Anhui Province,China;Anhui Electric Power Research Institute,Hefei 230091,Anhui Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电力科学研究院有限公司,北京市海淀区100192 [2]国家电网公司,北京市西城区100031 [3]华中科技大学,湖北省武汉市430074 [4]中国科学院工程热物理研究所,北京市海淀区100190 [5]合肥工业大学,安徽省合肥市230009 [6]安徽省电力科学研究院,安徽省合肥市230091

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2018年第18期5316-5325,共10页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(5442GY160050);国家电网公司科技项目(大容量风力发电机组雷击接闪机理与防护关键技术研究)~~

摘　　要：风力发电机叶片的雷击防护问题一直是风电系统安全运行关注的焦点。随着风电机组单机容量的增加,塔筒的高度、叶片的长度也随之增长,叶片接闪系统的雷击防护失效问题愈加严重。为了解决GFRP叶片复合材料的雷击击穿问题,提出一种在叶片前缘/尾缘外覆条形导体的接闪系统设计方案,可降低叶片内部接地引线表面电场强度,减小接地引线产生放电并引起叶片外部放电接闪的概率。建立风力发电机三维雷击先导发展模型,计算分析不同外覆导体长度、不同运行工况条件下叶片接闪系统的防护效果,结合现场运行数据,确定外覆导体的最优设计长度为叶片总长度的12%,此时可减少92%的雷击事故。开展雷电/操作冲击下模拟叶片放电击穿试验,对比敷设和不敷设外覆导体时叶片的放电击穿概率,结果表明叶片前缘/尾缘外覆的条形导体对其敷设范围内的下行先导可全部有效接闪,防止叶片击穿,而对其敷设范围以外的下行先导外覆导体的防护效果大幅下降,验证了外覆导体接闪系统防护的有效性和局限性。The wind power system has always focus on the problem of lightning protection of wind turbine blades Because of the increase of the capacity of wind turbines, the tower＇s height and the length of the blades also increase a lot, and the problem of the lightning protection failure of the existing blade lightning-flashing systems has become prominent as well. There is still short of an optimization design of the lightning protection system （LPS） which can not only meet engineering requirements but receive all the downward lightning leaders. In this paper, a design scheme of overlying conductors on both of the leading edge and the tailing edge outside the tip of the blade was proposed to solute the de-lamination damage of the blades. This design of LPS could reduce the vicinal electric field of the down conductors, and reduce the probability of the streamer discharge incept from the down conductor as well as its discharge ability outside the laminate. The 3D leader inception model of wind turbine was established, and the protection efficiency of the LPS with different length of overlaying conductors was analyzed. The covering length of the conductors should be 12% of the total length of the wind turbine blade, which can reduce the lightning damage by 92%. The experimental study on the lightning protection performance was carried out under lightning and switching impulse voltage. The experimental results showed that the overlaying conductors can effectively receive the downward leader to protect the blade from being penetrated in its laying range, but the protection efficiency would decline sharply when the downward leader developed outside the laying range. Simultaneously the protecting effectiveness and the limitations of the LPS with overlaying conductors under different operation conditions were also verified.

关 键 词：风力发电机叶片 接闪系统 外覆导体 长间隙放电 三维先导发展模型 

分 类 号：TM315[电气工程—电机]