自然环境叶片覆冰程度对风力机功率损失的影响  

Effects of Ice Degree of Blades on Power Losses of Wind Turbines at Natural Environments

作　　者：舒立春[1] 李瀚涛[1] 胡琴[1] 蒋兴良[1] 邱刚[1] 何高辉[1] 杨航 SHU Lichun;LI Hantao;HU Qin;JIANG Xingliang;QIU Gang;HE Gaohui;YANG Hang(State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment ＆ System Security and New Technology（Chongqing University）,Shapingba District,Chongqing 400030,China)

机构地区：[1]输配电装备及系统安全与新技术国家重点实验室(重庆大学)

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2018年第18期5599-5605,共7页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51377180,51677014,51321063)~~

摘　　要：针对寒冷地区叶片覆冰降低机组发电量的问题,以典型2kW及300kW风力发电机为研究对象,在自然覆冰试验站展开试验研究,研究分析叶片覆冰程度对风力机功率损失的影响规律和机制。结果表明：在自然环境下,叶尖前缘雾凇覆冰厚度随覆冰时间增加呈近似线性增长,而雨凇覆冰增长逐渐变缓;在一定风速下,覆冰造成的功率损失与叶尖前缘覆冰厚度之间存在显著的线性关系,相比于雾凇,雨凇破坏作用更大;随着风速的增加,覆冰后的风力机功率损失更大;随着叶尖前缘覆冰厚度的增加,风力机转速和最大风能利用系数逐渐降低,叶片实际运行最佳叶尖速比变小。该文研究结果为风力机覆冰条件下的性能分析和机组控制提供数据积累和借鉴意义。Ice accretion on blades always reduces power generation of wind turbines in cold regions. In the paper, power output tests of 2 kW and 300 kW wind turbines were carried out at a natural icing environment to investigate the effect of the ice degree of blades on power losses and its mechanism. The results indicate that ＂at the natural icing environment, ice thickness at the leading edge of blade tips shows an approximate linear relation with icing time for rime icing, while the growth slows down gradually for glaze icing. Besides, there is a significant linear relationship between the power loss and ice thickness at the leading edge of blade tips at a constant wind speed, and glaze does more harm than rime. For wind turbines after icing, the output power decreases more dramatically at a large wind speed. In addition, with the increase of ice thickness of the leading edge of blade tips, the rotor speed and the maximum power coefficient both decrease gradually as well as the actual optimal tip speed radio. Results of the paper provide great data accumulation and a reference for both operation performance analysis and unit control strategies of wind turbines in icing conditions.

关 键 词：风力发电机 覆冰程度 自然覆冰试验 叶尖前缘覆冰厚度 功率损失 

分 类 号：TM315[电气工程—电机]