多层次治理中的向下分权与向外分权:基于农村垃圾治理的观察  

Downward and Outward Decentralization in Multi-level Governance:Based on the Observation of Rural Waste Management

作　　者：赵细康[1] 曾云敏[2] 吴大磊[1] ZHAO Xi-kang;ZENG Yun-min;WU Da-lei

机构地区：[1]广东省社会科学院,广东广州510635 [2]广东省社会科学院环境经济与政策研究中心

出　　处：《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第5期83-93,共11页Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"中国环境治理中的政府责任和公众参与机制研究"(15BGL146)

摘　　要：目前我国各地大力推广的"户分类、村收集、乡转运、县处理"四级垃圾收运模式属于典型的多层次治理体系。这一体系的有效运转需要同时关注向下分权和向外分权(公众参与)两大问题。本文构建的向下分权与向外分权决策模型显示,何时向下或向外分权,决策者需要关注政策可接受性、政策实施是否具有区域差异性、相关公众与政府目标是否一致、相关公众的偏好是否一致等四大问题。在现阶段,应更多推动由县级决策者向乡镇乃至村一级决策者的赋权。在垃圾治理体系中,公众参与的关键不在于多与少,而在于准确界定参与的层级和事务类型。The rural waste management system of＂household classification,village collection,township transfer and county treatment＂in China is a typical multi-level governance system.The effective operation of this system needs to focus on two major issues of downward and outward decentralization（public participation）.The decision-making model constructed in this paper shows that when deciding on decentralization and public participation,decision-makers need to pay attention to four major issues,namely,the acceptability of policies,regional differences in policy implementation,uniformity between public and government goals,and consistency of the public＇s preferences.The study suggests that we should increase the empowerment of decision makers at the upper level（county level）to the township level and even the village level at this stage.The key to public participation in the rural waste governance system is not the difference of being more or less,but the accurate definition of the level and type of participation.

关 键 词：农村垃圾治理 多层次治理 分权 参与 

分 类 号：F323.22[经济管理—产业经济]