武陵山区玄参开花与传粉特性初步研究  

Studies of Floral Biology and Breeding Characters of Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl

作　　者：张雪[1,2,3] 陈大霞[1,4,5] 孙年喜 李隆云[1,4,5] 唐倩 ZHANG Xue1,2,5, CHEN Da-xia1,3,4, SUN Nian-xi1,3,4, LI Long-yun1,3,4 ,TANG Qian2,5(1. Chongqing Academy of Chinese Meteria Medica, Chongqing 400065, China ; 2. Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China; 3. Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica , Chongqing 400065, China ;4. Chongqing Sub - center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing 400065, China;5. Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市中药研究院,重庆400065 [2]重庆医药高等专科学校,重庆401331 [3]重庆市药物制剂工程技术中心,重庆401331 [4]重庆市中药良种选育与评价工程技术研究中心,重庆400065 [5]中国中医科学学院资源中心重庆分中心,重庆400065

出　　处：《时珍国医国药》2018年第8期1985-1988,共4页Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research

基　　金：重庆市科委"科技平台与基地建设"项目(cstc2014ptyjd10001);重庆市重点产业共性关键技术创新专项(cstc2016zdcy-ztzx10003);重庆市中药材产业技术体系资助(2017-[5]号);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(CARS-21);重庆市卫生和计生委中医药科技项目(ZY201702129)

摘　　要：目的初步研究武陵山区玄参开花与传粉的特性。方法定株、定时观察记录玄参开花的群体、花序和花朵,统计其群体的开花物候期、开花动态及雌、雄蕊发育过程,采用分期授粉方式与套袋试验测定柱头熟性和自然异交率。结果武陵山区玄参花期为8月上旬至9月中旬,盛花期集中在8月下旬,持续时间约20 d。单株花期约16 d,单株盛花持续时间为5~8 d,通常在初花后4~6 d进入盛花期。玄参的自然异交率达72. 15%,属异花授粉植物,开花前花粉已经具有活力,柱头自开花至花冠萎蔫都有一定的活性,两者最佳可遇期为从开花4 h到开花后24 h之内。结论玄参开花与传粉特性的研究可为开展玄参集约化良种繁育及品种选育提供重要的指导作用。To find the sexual reproduction characteristics and improve the seed propagation and new variety breeding of Scrophu- laria ningpoensis Hemsl. During the blossom of S. ningpoensis, we observed and investigated blooming phenophase, growth dynamics of inflorescence, pollination and seed setting of its population and the flowering process and its period, the regularity of flowering and pollinating of the floret. Statistic analyses were carried out. The full - bloom stage of S. ningpoensis concentrated in late August, it took 20 days from floral bud emergency to finished flowering. The blooming period per plant was about 16 days. the full - bloom stage per plant was about 5 - 8 days, it was about 4 - 6 days from first - flowering time to height - flowering one. The natural outcrossing rate was 72.15%. S. ningpoensis was a typical xenial plant. Its pollen was dynamic before blooming, and chapiter could be fertilized from flowering to wilting, but the most suitable time was 4h to 24h after flowering.

关 键 词：玄参 开花动态 传粉特性 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]