北京地区一次持续性雾霾天气分析  

Analysis of a Continuous Fog/Haze Process in Beijing

作　　者：孟金平[1] 杨璐 陈明轩[2] 赵晨 陈学玲 Meng Jinping;Yang Lu;Chen Mingxuan;Zhao Chen;Chen Xueling(Beijing Meteorological Service,Beijing 100089;Institute of Urban Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100089;Beijing Daxing Meteorological Service,Beijing 100026)

机构地区：[1]北京市气象局,北京100089 [2]中国气象局北京城市气象研究所,北京100089 [3]北京市大兴区气象局,北京100026

出　　处：《气象科技》2018年第4期760-767,共8页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：大兴区科学技术委员会项目(14045);北京自然科学青年基金(8164056);国家自然科学青年基金(41705091)共同资助

摘　　要：2015年11月27日至12月1日,北京地区出现了一次十分严重的雾、霾天气过程。综合分析此次雾、霾天气过程的天气形势、加密自动站、探空、风廓线雷达以及连续观测的PM2.5资料,结果表明:本次雾、霾过程,能见度的恶化与天气形势、PM2.5持续性波动增长、相对湿度增加、逆温出现频率高、近地层风速小及近地面偏南风输送有密切关系:(1)此次雾、霾过程期间,华北地区较长时间被地面高压后部的弱气压场和低压辐合区控制,地面风速和近地层风速较小,北京大部分地区处于弱的偏南风或偏东风控制中,很不利于污染物的水平扩散;(2)地面增湿趋势明显,低层偏南和偏东气流将水汽和上游污染物向北京地区输送,加之29日气温明显回升,导致地面积雪融化,近地面相对湿度增加,有时接近饱和;(3)边界层逆温一直存在,很不利于污染物的垂直扩散。A heavy fog/haze event occurred in Beijing from 27 November to 1 December 2015.The process was synthetically analyzed based on the synoptic situation,radisonde data,the conventional and intensive observational data,the wind profile radar data,and the observational PM2.5 concentration.The results show that the deterioration of visibility has a close relationship with synoptic situation,the significantly increased pollutant particles,the increase of relative humidity,the high frequency of temperature inversion,small near-surface wind speed,and near-surface southerly transports.It is concluded：（1）It was long controlled by the weak pressure system on the ground over North China and the near-surface wind speed was small during the fog/haze process and large parts of Beijing were controlled by the weak south and east wind which were not favorable to diffusion and transportation of pollutants.（2）The relative humidity increased apparently and sometimes close to saturation,due to the transferring of water vapor and pollutants by the south and east airstream and the melted snow.（3）The inversion of temperature in the boundary layer existed during the whole fog/haze process and it was not conducive to the vertical diffusion of pollutants.

关 键 词：雾、霾 重污染 气象条件 污染物输送 

分 类 号：P458[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]