白刺花辐射诱变M_2代突变群体的形态特征比较和ISSR分析  

Morphological Characters and ISSR Analyses of M_2 Generation of the Sophora davidii Mutants Induced by Radiation

作　　者：赵丽丽[1] 王普昶 张宇君 宋高翔[1] 余青青 ZHAO Li-Li;WANG Pu-Chang;ZHANG Yu-Jun;SONG Gao-Xiang;YU Qing-Qing(College of Animal Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Prataculture Institute,Guiyang 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学动物科学学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省草业研究所,贵阳550006

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2018年第10期1698-1706,共9页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31560664和No.31702173);贵州省农业攻关计划项目(黔科合支撑[2016]2516号和黔科合NY字[2014]3048号);贵州省高层次创新型人才(黔财教[2017]45号)

摘　　要：辐射诱变育种具有变异频率高、变异幅度大、育种周期短等特点,是当前育种的主要方法之一。为加快白刺花(Sophora davidii)的良种培育工作,本课题组利用60Co-γ射线对筛选到的生产性能最佳的白刺花种质进行了辐射诱变育种,通过2年的田间观测,从60Co-γ辐射诱变的白刺花M_2代中筛选获得12个突变群体。为确定该突变群体间的变异情况,本研究采用表型性状结合简单重复间序列(inter-simple sequence repeat, ISSR)分子标记技术进行检测。结果表明:(1)诱变后代表型性状发生变异。与未经辐射处理的白刺花相比,诱变M_2代植株的变异主要表现在植株高度和冠幅直径增大或减小,茎粗、叶片长度、宽度和叶面积显著提高,分枝位点高度降低等方面。8个表型性状的变异系数在19.72%~55.46%之间,各指标变异程度依次为分枝位点高度(55.46%)>株高(53.24%)>冠幅直径(47.91%)>叶面积(38.30%)>分枝数(36.84%)>茎粗(36.10%)>叶片宽度(23.60%)>叶片长度(19.72%)。(2) 20条多态性较好的ISSR引物扩增产生141条清晰谱带,多态性条带有75条,多态性比例(polymorphic rate, PPR)为53.2%。Nei's基因多样性指数(Nei's gene diversity, He)和Shannon信息指数(Shannon's information index, I)分别为0.248 3和0.377 9。与对照相比,诱变M2代在多个位点发生了DNA水平上的改变。(3)基于ISSR计算出供试群体间的遗传相似系数介于0.627 7~0.839 4之间,平均为0.733 6。(4)基于表型性状和ISSR分子标记对供试群体进行聚类分析,所有供试群体均被分为4类,但两种水平的聚类分析结果不完全一致。本研究结果为白刺花辐射诱变育种的进一步研究提供理论依据和基本材料。Radiation mutation breeding has the characteristics of high frequency of mutation, large variation range and short breeding period, which is one of the main methods of breeding. In order to speed up the work,the previous study used60 Co-γ rays to irradiate Sophora davidii germplasm with the best production performance and carry out radiation mutation breeding. In this study, the variation in twelve M2 mutant populations of S. davidii which were induced by^60 Co-γ radiation was evaluated by morphological characters and inter-simple sequence repeat（ISSR） markers. The results showed that compared with the control without radiation, the mutants were characterized with the increase or decrease of plant height and crown diameter, the significant increase of stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area, and the reduction of the branch site height. The coefficient of variation of 8 phenotypic traits were between 19.72% and 55.46%. The degree of variation of each index was branching site height（55.46%） 〉plant height（53.24%）〉 crown diameter（47.91%） 〉leaf area（38.30%）〉 number of branches（36.84%）〉 stem diameter（36.10%） 〉leaf width（23.60%）〉 leaf length（19.72%）. A total of 141 amplified loci were detected by 20 ISSR primers, of which 75 were polymorphic, and the polymorphic rate（PPR） was up to 53.2%. The Nei＇s genetic diversity（He） and Shannon＇s information index（I） were 0.248 3 and 0.377 9, respectively. The genetic similarity index based on ISSR data between the mutants ranged from 0.627 7 to 0.839 4, with a mean of 0.733 6. All mutants were clustered into 4 groups based on the morphological characters or the ISSR molecular markers, but the clustering results between two levels were not fully consistent. This study provides a scientific foundation and germplasms for further radiation breeding of S. davidii.

关 键 词：白刺花 辐射突变体 表型性状 简单重复间序列(ISSR)标记 

分 类 号：S541[农业科学—作物学]