中国富钾正长岩资源与水热碱法制取钾盐反应原理  

Potassic syenite resource in China and reaction mechanism of potash salt processing by hydrothermal alkaline digestion

作　　者：马鸿文[1] 杨静[1] 张盼[1,2] 刘昶江 苏双青[1,2] 姚文贵 罗征[1,2] 刘梅堂 殷丛丛[1,2] 陈建 原江燕[1,2] 常倩倩 郭若禹[1,2] MA Hongwen;YANG Jing;ZHANG Pan;LIU Changjiang;SU Shuangqing;YAO Wengui;LUO Zheng;LIU Meitang;YIN Congcong;CHEN Jian;YUAN Jiangyan;CHANG Qianqian;GUO Ruoyu(School of Materials Science and Technology,China University of Geosciences（Beijing）,Beijing 100083,China;Bluesky Technology Corporation（Beijing）,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)材料科学与工程学院,北京100083 [2]昊青薪材(北京)技术有限公司,北京100083

出　　处：《地学前缘》2018年第5期277-285,共9页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD10B04);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(12120113087700);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2652014017)

摘　　要：中国的盐湖钾盐资源短缺,导致钾盐消费的对外依存度达50%以上,严重制约农业发展,威胁粮食生产安全。而正长岩型钾资源丰富,K_2O品位达8.5%~15.4%,预测资源潜力(K_2O)达盐湖钾盐储量的20倍以上。此类矿石钾资源的主要富钾矿物为微斜长石、霞石和白云母,地理上主要分布于中国东部的"秦岭大别正长岩带"和"燕辽阴山正长岩带"。采用电解质溶液热力学软件OLI Analyzer 9.2,对KAlSi_3O_8-NaOH/KOH/Ca(OH)_2-H_2O体系相平衡进行模拟,继而对代表性富钾正长岩进行水热碱法分解反应实验,证实K_2O溶出率高达85.6%以上。所得硅酸钠钾碱液适于加工多种钾盐或生态型钾肥产品,硅铝组分同时转化为沉淀硅酸钙、钠型/钾型沸石、硅灰石、高岭土等多种工业产品。水热碱法技术的加工过程清洁高效,资源利用率高,环境相容性良好,可为发展绿色可持续的中国钾盐工业新体系提供良好的技术基础。Due to shortage of salt lake resource,over 50% of potash salt consumption in China relies on import,seriously challenging China＇s agricultural development and grain production security.Syenites with K_2O grade up to 8.5%-15.4%,are rich potassium resource,possessing 20 times higher predictive reserve potential than that of salt lakes.In mineralogy,this syenite-type potassium resource is consisted of potassium minerals such as microcline,nepheline and muscovite;geographically,it mainly distributes in the＂Qinling-Dabie syenite zone＂and＂YanliaoYinshan syenite zone＂.In this work,phase equilibria in KAlSi3O8-NaOH/KOH/Ca（OH）2-H2O systems were simulated by electrolyte solution thermodynamic software OLI Analyzer 9.2,and tested on representative potassic syenite samples by hydrothermal alkaline decomposition experiments.As a result,leaching ratio of K2O reached as high as over 85.6%.The obtained sodium and potassium silicate alkaline solutions were suitable for preparing various types of potash salts or eco-potash fertilizers;accordingly,the alumina-silicate components were transferred into products of precipitated calcium silicate,Na-/K-zeolites,wollastonite and kaolin,etc.By virtue of its cleanliness,high efficiency,high resource utilization rate,and environmental compatibility,the hydrothermal alkaline digestive method provides excellent technological support for the green and sustainable development of a new potash salt industrial system in China.

关 键 词：正长岩 钾长石 钾矿资源 水热分解 钾盐化工 绿色发展 

分 类 号：TQ131.131[化学工程—无机化工] P588.122[天文地球—岩石学]