基于限制博弈的具有容量限制的易腐品联合运输费用分摊问题  

Cost Allocation for Combined Transportation of Perishable Products Based on Restricted Cooperation Game

作　　者：单而芳[1] 梁莉敏[1] 张广[1] SHAN Er-fang;LIANG Li-min;ZHANG Guang(School of Management,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学管理学院

出　　处：《中国管理科学》2018年第9期97-105,共9页Chinese Journal of Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11571222)

摘　　要：在易腐品的运输过程中,易腐品的新鲜度不仅会随时间的流逝而下降,而且还会受运输设施所采用的保鲜技术的影响。所以易腐品零售商使用某种运输设施时,零售商除了需要支付运输成本和保鲜成本之外,他们还需要承担因易腐品新鲜度下降而导致的价值损耗。本文首先把运输成本、保鲜成本和易腐品新鲜度下降导致的价值损耗作为总费用,通过应用限制博弈的可行联盟思想,把具有容量限制的易腐品联合运输的费用分摊问题转化为一类限制博弈模型。然后,通过讨论该限制博弈的相关性质,给出了该博弈限制核非空的充分条件。最后,通过实例将限制核与Shapley值、τ-值和核仁进行了比较分析。With the development of economy,people＇s living standards are improving.This results in the fact that more and more people have higher requirements on the freshness of perishable products.In the process of transportation,the freshness of perishable goods will not only decay as time passes,but also be affected by the preservation technology.But the construction of cold chain infrastructure in our country is still in the early stage of development,neither the cold chain technology nor the number of freezing facilities meet the needs of the market.So the perishable goods retailers have proposed collaboration transportation to increase the utilization rate of cold chain facilities and reduce the transportation cost.Hence,it is necessary to pour attention to cost allocation between cooperation alliances.On the basis of this,the two questions concerned in this paper are presented：（1）How to measure the freshness of perishable products and the impact of preservation technology on the freshness of perishable products？（2）How to formulate the cost allocation problem with capacity constraints？To answer these questions,the study is conducted by the following steps.First,the impact of preservation technology on the freshness of perishable products is analyzed,and the total cost function which contains transportation cost and decay value is provided.Then the cost allocation problem with capacity constraints is formulated as the restricted cost allocation game（N,c^-,Ω）：c（T）= mini∈L{FCi＋VCiti＋aΔθi∑j∈Tdj} T ∈Ω.c（S）= minp∈P（S,Ω）∑R∈P c（R）S N.Furthermore,in order to solve the restricted cost allocation game,the notion of the limit core is introduced as follows.core（c）= {x ∈R^N｜∑i∈Nxi =c^-（N）,∑i∈Sxi ≤cS） S N}.The conditions of non-empty core are given.Finally,the numerical analysis illustrates the difference among restricted core,Shapley value,τvalue and nucleolus.Restricted game is introduced to solve the cost allocation problem of coll

关 键 词：易腐品 联合运输 限制合作博弈 成本分摊 限制核 

分 类 号：F224.32[经济管理—国民经济]