考虑充电策略与电池损耗的电动汽车路径优化问题研究  

Study on the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem in the Present of Charging Strategy and Battery Consumption

作　　者：郭放 杨珺[2] 杨超[2] GUO Fang;YANG Jun;YANG Chao(School of Management Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;School of Management,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学管理工程学院,河南郑州450001 [2]华中科技大学管理学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《中国管理科学》2018年第9期106-118,共13页Chinese Journal of Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大资助项目(71320107001);武汉市黄鹤英才(现代服务)计划资助项目

摘　　要：针对目前研究电动物流车辆路径问题的文章未考虑电池损耗对运营成本的影响,且多在充电速率为恒定值的情况下对充电策略进行优化,本文将电动物流车辆在配送货物途中的充电时间和电池损耗成本纳入目标函数并建立了线性规划数学模型,统筹安排车辆行驶路径和充电策略使得物流企业整体运营成本最低。其次,提出了求解该问题的多阶段启发式算法MCWIGALNS。随后,通过多组算例验证了模型和算法的准确性。实验结果表明,考虑充电时间与深度放电成本的模型可以在配送距离不变或略有增加的情况下,较大幅度减少充电时间与电池损耗成本,到达降低运营成本的目的。最后,将算法实验结果与本领域已发表的成果进行比较,证明了MCWIGALNS算法对车辆路径问题具有出色的求解能力,提升了该问题理论成果的实用性。可以为物流企业电动汽车路径策略提供良好借鉴与帮助。The electric vehicles powered by batteries can effectively reduce exhaust pollution and save environment harness cost,which has attracted attention and application in logistics field.The maximum driving range of an electric vehicle is limited by the capacity of the battery,and it is necessary to charge the vehicle at the charging station during driving.Secondly,the choice of a charging station will affect the distribution path of electric vehicles.The shortage of charging stations results in electric vehicles being forced to detour to the charging sites.Thirdly,the charge needed by the electric vehicle at the charging station is dynamic,which is related to the battery remaining capacity and the subsequent distribution route of the vehicle.The charge and battery status of the electric vehicle also directly affect the charging time.The electric vehicle routing problem is studied which aims to reduce the operational cost of logistics enterprises with the consideration of charging time and battery consumption cost.The problem is formulated as an integer programming model.The cost of battery loss is added to vehicle routing problem for the first time,and the distance traveled by vehicle in the state of deep discharge is taken as the optimization object.The battery charge rate used in this article is no longer a constant value,but a function related to the current state of the battery.The charging time depends not only on the battery status of the vehicle when it arrives at the charging station and the vehicle＇s subsequent delivery schedule,but also on the trade-off between the cost of charging time and the opportunity cost of deep discharge driving.A four-phase heuristic called MCWIGALNS is proposed to solve the problem.In the first phase,an initial routing plan is generated with a modified Clarke and Wright Saving heuristic,leading to the battery charging stations（BCSs）selection subproblem,which is then solved by the iterated greedy heuristic in the second phase.The iterated greedy heuristic algorithm first rem

关 键 词：电动汽车 充电时间 深度放电 节约算法 自适应大邻域搜索 

分 类 号：U116.2[交通运输工程] O221[理学—运筹学与控制论]