人工遗传改造生命体的防逃逸技术研究进展  

Research Progress in Biocontainment of Genetically Modified Organisms

作　　者：孟凡康 娄春波[1,2] Meng Fankang1,2,Lou Chunbo1,2(CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101;College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10014)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物生理与代谢工程重点实验室国家微生物资源前期开发重点实验室中国科学院微生物研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京100149

出　　处：《有机化学》2018年第9期2231-2242,共12页Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(Nos.31470818;31722002);科技部(No.2015CB910300)资助项目~~

摘　　要：随着合成生物学相关研究的快速发展,被各种遗传技术改良的生命系统在工业、农业、健康和环境等领域的应用正在快速增长.但这些人工遗传改造生命体的泄露或者非受控繁殖可能会对生态环境产生重大危害.为了解决这些人工生命体的环境逃逸和基因转移问题,已有研究关注如何将人工遗传改造的生命体限制于受控的环境中.从三方面简要介绍人工遗传改造生命体防逃逸技术的研究进展:包括(1)传统的防逃逸策略,(2)遗传中心法则的正交化设计策略,和(3)复杂基因网络调控策略.这些防逃逸技术的进一步发展和完善将有利于推动人工改造或全新设计的生命体更广泛的应用.With the rapid progress of synthetic biology and other related filed, there is a continuous growth of the applications of genetically modified organisms in many aspects, including industry, agriculture, health and environment. However, unintended release or uncontrolled propagation of these genetically modified organisms may cause significant side effects to the nature ecological environment. In order to eradicate the escaping problem and horizontal gene transfer between artificial and natural organisms, many researches have been focused on how to limit genetically modified organisms to a controlled environment. The research progress of biocontainment of genetically modified organisms mainly from three aspects of traditional biocontainment strategies, the orthogonalization of central dogma and the design of complex genetic networks is highlighted. It is believed that the advanced biocontainment technology would promote the further application of synthetic biology.

关 键 词：合成生物学 人工生命体 生物安全 正交化中心法则 基因网络 

分 类 号：Q81[生物学—生物工程]