妊娠母猪背膘过厚影响繁殖性能的机制及其营养调控技术研究  

Mechanism of declining reproductive performance by excessive backfat of sows during gestation and its nutritional regulation techniques

作　　者：彭健[1] Peng Jian

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学动物科技学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《饲料工业》2018年第19期1-8,共8页Feed Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发专项[2018YFD0501003];湖北省农业科技创新中心团队[2007-620];自主创新基金[2662017PY017]

摘　　要：母猪妊娠期的营养代谢,尤其是脂质代谢与体脂沉积存在密切关系。妊娠期母猪的脂质代谢特征,不仅决定了母猪妊娠期的体脂沉积规律,而且对仔猪初生性能和母猪泌乳性能产生关键的影响作用。值得注意的是,妊娠期母猪体脂的过度沉积,会引起胎盘脂质毒性,导致胎盘产生慢性炎症,提高了胎盘的氧化应激水平,从而阻碍胎盘的血管发育,导致弱仔的产生,使初生仔猪的初生重不均匀。另一方面,妊娠期体脂过度沉积时,妊娠后期血液中非酯化脂肪酸含量显著增加,从而导致系统性慢性炎症反应,是降低围产期机体的胰岛素敏感性的重要原因,并降低母猪泌乳期采食量。在母猪妊娠日粮中应用具有高水结合力、强吸水膨胀性和快速发酵特征的功能性纤维,不仅能提高限饲条件下妊娠母猪的饱腹感和饱感,并有效防止和改善母猪便秘;而且能调节肠道菌群组成,快速生成大量的短链脂肪酸,能有效改善母体的炎症状态,提高胰岛素敏感性。此外,所产生短链脂肪酸代谢后,能生成C15和C17等奇数碳链脂肪酸,也对提高母猪围产期胰岛素敏感性有重要作用。因此,控制妊娠期适宜的体脂沉积,是提高母猪繁殖性能和泌乳性能的关键控制点;在妊娠母猪日粮中合理运用功能性纤维,是调控母猪妊娠期体脂沉积有效的营养调控技术。The nutritional metabolism of sow during pregnancy, especially lipid metabolism, is closely related to body fat deposition. The lipid metabolism characteristics of sows during pregnancy not only determine the body fat deposition of sows during pregnancy, but also have a key effect on the growthperformance of piglets and the lactation performance of sows. It is worth noting that excessive deposition of body fat in sows during pregnancy can cause placental lipid toxicity, leading to chronic inflammation of the level of oxidative the placenta, increasing stress in the placenta. These changes hinder the development of bloodvessels in the placenta, lead to the production of weak piglets, and make the birth weight of newborn piglets uneven. On the other hand, the excessive deposition of body fat during pregnancy increases concentration of non-esterified fatty acids in the blood in the late pregnancy, leading to a systemic chronic inflammatory response, which is an important cause of reducing insulin sensitivity in the perinatal period and reducing the feed intake during lactation. The application of functional fibers with high water binding capacity, strong water swelling and fast fermentation characteristics in sow gestational diet can not only improve the satiety and satiation of pregnant sows under restricted feeding conditions, but also effectively prevent and improve sow constipation; And can regulate the composition of the intesti- nal flora, quickly generate a large number of short-chain fatty acids, can effectively improve the moth errs inflammatory state and improve insulin sensitivity. In addition, the production of short-chain fatty acids can produce odd-carbon chain fatty acids such as C15 and C17, which also play an important role in improving insulin sensitivity in sows. Therefore, controlling proper body fat deposition during pregnancy is a key control point for improving reproductive performance and lactation performance of sows; Rational use of functional fibers in pregnant sow diets is an effective nu

关 键 词：脂质代谢 体脂沉积 繁殖性能 膳食纤维 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S816.32[农业科学—饲料科学]