不同管理方式下东洞庭湖越冬雁类栖息地中短尖薹草的生长指标对比研究  

Comparison of the Growth Indexes of Carex brevicuspis in Habitat under Different Management Ways for Wintering Geese in East Dongting Lake

作　　者：左奥杰 雷佳琳[1] 王玉玉[1] 马童慧 吕偲[1] 文力 雷光春[1] ZUO Aojie;LEI Jialin;WANG Yuyu;MA Tonghui;LU Cai;WEN Li;LEI Guangchun(School of Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,P.R.China;Science Division,Office of Environment and Heritage,Sydney,New South Wales,Australia)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学自然保护区学院,北京100083 [2]Science Division,Office of Environment and Heritage, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

出　　处：《湿地科学》2018年第4期537-545,共9页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41471072)资助

摘　　要：东洞庭湖是雁类尤其是小白额雁（Anser erythropus）全球种群主要的越冬栖息地之一。三峡大坝的运行导致东洞庭湖区的江湖关系发生变化,使洞庭湖枯水期提前、洲滩提前出露和以薹草（Carex spp.）为优势植物的洲滩植物提前生长,进而造成在雁类抵达洞庭湖越冬时自然洲滩上可适宜其取食的食物资源减少。如何应对洞庭湖新的水文情势变化对越冬雁类栖息地的影响,是长江中下游候鸟保护亟待解决的关键科学问题。在洲滩提前出露情景下,对洞庭湖薹草植物群落洲滩实施了火烧、刈割和翻耕3种栖息地管理方式,并开展了原位监测。研究结果表明,火烧对短尖薹草（Carex brevicuspis）地上生物量累积和株数具有显著促进作用,与对照相比,其分别约提前了20 d和11 d达到最大增长速率;刈割对短尖薹草地上生物量累积和株数的生长也具有显著促进作用,与对照相比,其分别约提前21 d和11 d达到最大生长速率;翻耕对短尖薹草株高、株数、地上生物量累积有显著抑制作用,其株数、株高、地上生物量在缓慢增加,可以持续为越冬雁类提供优质的食物资源,改善了栖息地质量,是雁类越冬栖息地有效的管理对策之一。East Dongting Lake is one of the most important wintering habitats for migratory geese, especially for the globally endangered Lesser White-fronted Goose. The operation of the Three Gorges Dam has led to dramatic hydrological regime change in Dongting Lake through modifying the hydraulic relationships between the Yangze River and the Lake. A major hydrological change in Dongting Lake is the advanced water level withdrawal and exposure of lake bed, which accelerate the development of Carex meadow. When the migratory geese arrive at Dongting Lake for wintering, Carex could grow to a stage that is too lignified to be palatable for them, and food shortage would become a reality under current conditions. Therefore, how to provide the wintering geese with abundant quality food resources under the alternated hydrological regime is one of urgent scientific question for the protection of migratory birds in Yangtze River basin. In this study, the management ways of burning, mowing and ploughing were carried out for Carex meadow. The plant growth indexes were monitored for three months by measuring the number of new shoots, shoot height, and aboveground biomass at weekly interval. The results showed that burning and mowing significantly promoted shoot germination and aboveground biomass comparing with control. On contrast, ploughing significantly reduced plant growth in terms of shoot germination, shoot height, and aboveground biomass accumulation. Ploughing slowed down the growth progress of Carex, which in term might ensure the continuous supply of high quality food for geese. In the meantime, the significantly reduced aboveground biomass has the potential to cause food shortage during the wintering season. Therefore, the three kinds of management ways should be carefully evaluated for best management practices for wintering geese conservation.

关 键 词：短尖薹草 越冬雁类 栖息地管理 东洞庭湖 生长指标 

分 类 号：Q945.3[生物学—植物学] Q949.714.3