硫砷铜矿中砷的脱除与固化  

Arsenic Removal and Solidification from Enargite

作　　者：俞娟[1] 黄文龙 王斌[1] 袁艳[1] 方钊[1] 崔雅茹[1] Yu Juan;Huang Wenlong;Wang Bin;Yuan Yan;Fang Zhao;Cui Yaru(School of Metallurgical Engineering,Xi＇an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi＇an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学冶金工程学院

出　　处：《稀有金属》2018年第10期1093-1102,共10页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51304151)资助

摘　　要：随着铜矿资源的不断开发，含砷高的铜矿石逐渐成为炼铜常见原料。硫砷铜矿作为典型的含砷铜矿石，与主要含铜矿物（黄铜矿）的浮选性质相近，通过浮选将其与主要含铜矿物分离较为困难。硫砷铜矿的富集会造成铜精矿中砷含量超标，这不仅会对后续吹炼、电解不利，还会影响电铜的质量。因此，硫砷铜矿中砷的脱除对硫砷铜矿型铜矿石的开发具有重要意义。砷的脱除有火法和湿法两种工艺。火法脱砷工业中较为普遍，但火法工艺处理高砷铜精矿除存在环境污染外，还存在冰铜含砷高、渣含铜高及烟尘含砷低的问题。湿法脱砷工艺处理高砷铜精矿具有一定的优势。本文综合论述了硫砷铜矿中砷脱除的湿法工艺，对碱性硫化浸出、次氯酸盐浸出、热压浸出和细菌浸出等砷的脱除工艺存在的优缺点、适用范围以及研究现状方面进行了阐述。Copper ores with high concentration of arsenic gradually became usual copper raw materials with the development of copper ore sources. As a typical arsenic-bearing copper sulfide, enargite had similar flotation characteristics with other copper ores, and thus it was difficult to be separated with other copper ores by flotation. The enrichment of enargite resulted in the concentration of arsenic exceeding standard. It was harmful to blowing and eleetrolyzation processes, and it degraded copper quality. Thus the removal of ar- senic was meaningful for the development of arsenic-bearing copper sulfides. Arsenic removal included pyrometallurgy and hydromet- allurgy processes. Arsenic removal by pyrometallurgy processes was usual, but these processes were harmful to environment. Mean- while the concentrations of arsenic in matte and copper in mineral waste residue were high, and arsenic in smoke dust was low. Arsenic removal by hydrometallurgy processes had certain advantages. This paper made a comprehensive discussion on the arsenic removal processes from enargite by hydrometallurgy processes. The advantages and disadvantages, scope of application, and research status of the arsenic removal processes of alkaline sulphide leaching, hypoehlorite leaching, pressure leaching, and bioleaching were discussed.

关 键 词：硫砷铜矿 高砷铜精矿 脱砷 预处理 固化 

分 类 号：TF811[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]