直接扩增技术在法医DNA检验中的研究进展  

DNA Direct Amplification: Its Forensic Application and Research Progress

作　　者：沈伟 马骏 潘豪杰 邓明明 李翘 任文彦 SHEN Wei;MA Jun;PAN Haojie;DENG Mingming;LI Qiao;REN Wenyan(Zhejiang Chain Forensic Science Center,Hangzhou 311121,China;Institute of Forensic Science,Changxing Public Security Bureau,Changxing 313100,Zhejiang,China;Institute of Forensic Science of Zhejiang Provincial Public Security Bureau,Hangzhou 310009,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江千麦司法鉴定中心,杭州311121 [2]浙江省长兴县公安司法鉴定中心,浙江长兴313100 [3]浙江省公安物证鉴定中心,杭州310009

出　　处：《刑事技术》2018年第5期390-395,共6页Forensic Science and Technology

摘　　要：直接扩增技术具有缩短检验时间、提高灵敏度、减少操作步骤和降低污染风险等优点,故可较大程度地节约人力、物力、财力及时间,因而该技术的发展对数据库建设、重大紧急案件和大规模灾难性事故等均有重要的应用价值。目前,直接扩增已在数据库建设中得到了广泛应用,在案件检验中其应用也在不断深入和拓展。本文对直接扩增技术的特点、商业化扩增试剂盒在直扩中的应用、常见与接触DNA检材的直扩及其影响因素和快速直接扩增技术在法医DNA检验中的研究状况进行了综述,介绍了在采集接触DNA样品时棉签类型和处理试剂对直扩的影响,阐述了游离DNA的发现及其意义,希望能为相关研究和应用提供参考。DNA direct amplification is of many advantages such as saving time, improving sensitivity, reducing operation steps and lowering the risk of contamination, thereby capable of economizing the workload, material expense, financial resources and time so that its development and application unfold important values for the database construction, emergent and/or high-profile cases as well as the grave disasters. Currently, DNA direct amplification has been widely used in the database construction, being also deepened/expanded of its utilization into the routine casework. This paper is to provide a comprehensive view of DNA direct ampli？cation about its forensic researches and applications through explaining the features of the technology, introducing the application of relevant commercial kits, analyzing the practice of this technology into testing the commonly-seen/contact samples, together with the influential factors of direct PCR and rapid direct amplification. In addition, the impact is also described on the types of swab and reagents in direct ampli？cation, and accordingly the discovery and significance of free DNA being elucidated as well.

关 键 词：法医遗传学 直接扩增 STR分型 

分 类 号：DF795.2[医药卫生—法医学]