园艺植物中三倍体的应用现状及育种前景分析  

Application Status and Breeding Prospects of Triploid in Horticultural Plant

作　　者：党江波[1] 宋琴[1] 李彩[2] 郭启高[1] 梁国鲁[1] DANG Jiangbo;SONG Qin;LI Cai;GUO Qigao;LIANG Guolu(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Fruit Office of Fuling District in Chongqing,Chongqing 408000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学园艺园林学院,重庆400716 [2]重庆市涪陵区果品办公室,重庆408000

出　　处：《园艺学报》2018年第9期1813-1830,共18页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAD02B02-1);国家星火计划项目(2015GA811003);国家林业局项目(渝林科推2016-03);重庆市林业局项目(渝林科研2016-10)

摘　　要：对三倍体在园艺植物中的应用现状进行概述并对其育种前景进行分析。三倍体产生途径中,2n配子途径值得重视,自然条件下或经人工诱导少数植物能高频产生2n配子(超过80%),一些与2n配子产生相关的基因已被鉴定;此外,自然细胞融合、多精受精被用于植物三倍体的创制;培养内多倍体(Endopolyploid)细胞再生植株,有助于获得四倍体亲本。在三倍体筛选、鉴定方面,除传统的形态学、细胞学方法外,QF-PCR、SSR、SNP等分子标记也得到应用。目前三倍体已在40多种园艺植物中直接应用,除较为常规的无籽、高产、抗性强等特点外,营养成分含量高、树形矮化是三倍体在园艺植物中应用的新亮点。利用三倍体培育非整倍体对多样化材料的创制有重要意义;值得注意的是,三倍体杂种中亲本之一的基因组仅占1/3,与传统杂交育种结合,可能对缩短育种周期有利。To provide reference for horticultural plant breeding by using triploid,application status of triploid in horticultural plant was summarized,and prospects of triploid in horticultural plant breeding were analyzed in this paper. There were various approaches to produce triploid. Approach involving 2 n gamete is worthy of attention. A few plants produce 2 n gamete highly frequently（more than 80%）naturely or artificially. And frequently genes involved in 2 n gamete production were identified. In addition,spontaneous cell fusion and polyspermia had been successfully used to produce triploid plants. Culturing endopolyploidy cell is useful for obtaining tetraploid parent. Besides traditional morphological method and cytogenetic methods,molecular markers such as QF-PCR,SSR,SNP have been used to identify triploid. At present,triploids have been directly applied in more than 40 horticultural plant species. In addtion to seedlessness,high-yielding and strong resistance,high nutrient content and dwarfing,which are the new highlights,have been used in horticultural plant. It is of important meaning that breeding aneuploid to create diverse materials. Excitingly,genome of one parent in triploid hybrid is only 1/3,this could be used to shorten breeding period in hybridization.

关 键 词：三倍体 园艺植物 无籽 非整倍体 育种周期 

分 类 号：S6[农业科学—园艺学]