不同类型肥料对东北地区稻田氮磷损失和水稻产量的影响  

Effects of Fertilizers on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Leaching and Yield of Rice in Northeast China

作　　者：刘汝亮[1] 王芳[1] 王开军[2] 张爱平[3] 胡朝胜 李友宏[1] 洪瑜[1] 杨正礼[3] LIU Ruliang;WANG Fang;WANG kaijun;ZHANG Aiping;HU Chaosheng;LI Youhong;HONG Yu;YANG Zhengli(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agro-lbrestry Science,Ymcnuan /aoouz,t~nma;Fangzheng County Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Fangzheng 150800,China;China Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,China Academy of Agricultural Science/ Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment and Climate Change,Ministry of Agriculture,B eijing 100081,China;China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation International Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,银川750002 [2]方正县农业技术推广中心,黑龙江方正150800 [3]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业部农业环境重点实验室,北京100081 [4]中国船舶重工集团国际工程有限公司,北京100097

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2018年第10期63-68,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理重大专项(2014ZX07201-009);国家自然科学基金项目(31660597,41401134,41130748);宁夏农林科学院科技创新先导资金项目(NKYJ-16-0904);宁夏环保科技项目

摘　　要：【目的】减少东北地区稻田氮肥施用量,提高养分利用效率。【方法】利用田间小区试验研究了不同类型缓/控释肥料对稻田退水氮磷径流损失、水稻产量和氮素吸收利用效率的影响。【结果】与常规施肥处理比较,缓/控释肥料做基肥一次施用可以显著降低稻田退水中氮素质量浓度和径流损失量,缓/控释肥料CRF-3处理(中化牌控释掺混肥料,N、P_2O_5、K_2O养分质量比为19∶14∶22)磷素量较高,易造成磷素的淋洗和径流损失,CRF-1处理(宁夏农林科学院自主研制的控释掺混肥料,N、P_2O_5、K_2O养分质量比为26∶10∶12)总氮和总磷径流损失量均最低,分别比常规施肥处理降低了38.04%和46.87%。受田面追施氮肥的影响,常规施肥处理田面水总氮质量浓度最高达到9.43 mg/L,缓/控释肥料处理田面水总氮质量浓度在水稻插秧15 d后才达到峰值,显著低于常规施肥处理。与常规施肥比较,CRF-1和CRF-3处理水稻籽粒产量没有降低,其中CRF-1处理氮肥回收率提高9.84%,氮肥农学利用效率增加了10.83 kg/kg。【结论】综合考虑稻田氮磷养分径流损失和水稻产量因素,CRF-1处理水稻养分配比合理,是较适宜东北地区水稻种植的控释肥料。【Objective】Reducing fertilizer application in agricultural production is mandatory in China. The objective of this paper is to investigate how to improve nutrient use efficiency and nutrient leaching caused by excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer in rice production in Northeast Chin by using a new slow-release fertilizer.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a paddy field. The effect of different combinations of slow and controlled release fertilizers on leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus via runoff, as well as rice yield and nitrogen uptake by the plant were studied in attempts to find a optimal fertilization to sustain rice yield without compromising environment.【Result】Compared to the conventional fertilization, the application of slow and controlled release of fertilizer as a basal fertilizer significantly reduced nitrogen concentration and its runoff loss in the paddy field. The CRF-3 treatment had higher phosphorus content, leading to a loss via leaching and runoff. The ratio of total nitrogen loss and total phosphorus loss in CRF-1 treatment was the lowest among all slow-controlled release treatments, with the losses of total nitrogen and total phosphorus reducing by 38.04% and 46.87% respectively compared to the FP treatment. Directly field topdressing nitrogen led to the concentration of total nitrogen in the surface water increasing to 9.43 mg/L. The nitrogen concentration under slow-controlled release fertilization peaked 15 days after the rice transplanting, significantly lower than that under the conventional fertilization treatment. Compared with the conventional fertilization, CRF-1 and CRF-3 treatments did not result in yield loss, and the recovery rate of the nitrogen fertilizer was increased by 9.84% and the nitrogen use efficiency by 10.83 kg/kg.【Conclusion】Considering the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient from runoff and the rice yield, CRF-1 treatment is more suitable for paddy field in northwest China.

关 键 词：东北地区 水稻 缓/控释肥料 氮磷损失 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]