2008-2017年济南市水痘流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of Varicella in Jinan,2008-2017

作　　者：武晶晶[1] 张先慧[1] 刘晓雪[1] 李传彬[1] 李韬[1] 刘守钦[1] WU Jing-jing;ZHANG Xian-hui;LIU Xiao-xue;LI Chuan-bin;LI Tao;LIU Shou-qin(Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jinan,Jinan,Shandong 250021,China)

机构地区：[1]济南市疾病预防控制中心,山东济南250021

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2018年第19期3488-3491,3495,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析2008-2017年济南市水痘流行病学特征,为制定水痘预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法对济南市2008-2017年水痘报告病例采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2008-2017年济南市累计报告水痘病例36 754例,年均发病率为54. 42/10万,发病率总体呈下降趋势(χ~2=687. 18,P <0. 01)。所辖的10个区县均有水痘病例报告,城区高于农村,年均报告发病率前5位为历下区、天桥区、槐荫区、市中区、历城区,发病数占全市80. 40%。各月均有水痘病例报告,发病高峰在11月至次年1月和4月-6月,男性发病高于女性,男女性别比为1. 26∶1。病例主要为15岁以下儿童,发病呈下降趋势(趋势χ~2=1 039. 99,P <0. 01),职业构成主要为学生、托幼儿童、散居儿童。全市共报告突发疫情23起,均发生在学校。10年间水痘疫苗接种率总体呈上升趋势,同时期水痘发病率总体呈下降趋势,两者存在负相关(r=-0. 66)。结论基于济南市水痘流行特征,建议将水痘2剂次免疫策略纳入国家免疫规划。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Jinan during 2008 -2017, so as to provide a scientific basis for varicella prevention and control strategy. Methods All reported varicella cases from 2008 to 2017 in Jinan were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods. Results In 2008 - 2017, 36754 cases of varicella were reported in Jinan with an average annual incidence rate of 54.42/100,000. The incidence declined year by year （χ^2= 687.18, P 〈 0.01 ）. All ten districts and counties were reported with varicella cases. But a higher incidence happened in Lixia district, Tianqiao district, Huaiyin district, Shizhong district and Licheng district, accounting for 80.04%. The incidence of the urban area was higher than that of a rural area. There were reports of Variceila cases every month. The incidence peaked from April to June and from November to the next January each year. The number of males was higher than that of females with a sex ratio of 1.26 ： 1. The cases were mainly children under 15 years old, and the incidence showed a downward trend （ χ^2= 1039.99, P 〈 0.01 ）. The occupational composition was mainly for students, young children and diaspora children. A total of 23 varicella emergency public health events were reported in the city, all of which occurred in schools. In the past 10 years, the vaccination rate of varicella rose year by year while the incidence declined. And there was a negative correlation between them （ r = - 0. 66）. Conclusion According to the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Jinan, it recommends incorporating varicella 2 dose immunization strategy into the national immunization program.

关 键 词：水痘 流行病学特征 免疫策略 

分 类 号：R181.23[医药卫生—流行病学]