2015-2016年贵州省狂犬病暴露人群流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis of population exposed to rabies,Guizhou,2015-2016

作　　者：聂兰 余春[2] 宋沈超[1] 陶忠发 黄艳[2] 唐光鹏[2] 贺瑶瑶 王定明[2] NIE Lan;YU Chun;SONG Shen-chao;TAO Zhong-fa;HUANG Yan;TANG Guang-peng;HE Yao-yao;WANG Ding-ming(Department of Preventive Medicine,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550004,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学预防医学教研室,贵州贵阳550004 [2]贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州贵阳550004

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2018年第19期3492-3495,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析贵州省2015-2016年狂犬病暴露就诊人群流行病学特征,为贵州省狂犬病防控提供科学依据。方法利用描述流行病学分析贵州省2015-2016年狂犬病暴露就诊人群登记资料,对地区发病率与暴露率作相关性分析,不同年份的月暴露率差异作χ~2检验。结果贵州省2015-2016年共报告621203例狂犬病暴露就诊病例,年均暴露率882. 70/10万。每年狂犬病暴露就诊高峰为7-9月。狂犬病发病率与暴露就诊率呈正相关,r=0. 735(P <0. 05)。暴露就诊者男女性别比为1. 2∶1; 14岁以下暴露就诊病例占就诊总数的42. 96%;致伤动物以犬类为主(85. 14%);伤势级别以Ⅱ、Ⅲ度暴露为主,占92. 39%。暴露后进行伤口处理者占98. 20%,24 h内接种狂犬疫苗者占84. 34%,注射被动免疫制剂者占Ⅲ度暴露者的22. 29%。结论贵州省Ⅲ度暴露病例狂犬病被动免疫制剂注射率较低,存在狂犬病发病的风险,应提高Ⅲ级暴露病例的狂犬病被动免疫制剂使用率,降低狂犬病发病风险。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of population exposed to rabies in Guizhou from 2015 to 2016, and to provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of rabies. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was conducted to analyze the register data of population exposed to rabies in Guizhou province from 2015 to 2016. The correlation between regional incidence and exposure rate was analyzed. The difference of monthly exposure rate in different years was compared by Chi - square test. Results A total of 621203 cases of rabies exposure were reported in Guizhou from 2015 to 2016, with an average annual exposure rate 882.70/100 000. The annual peak of rabies exposure visits was from July to September. There was a positive correlation between the incidence and exposure rate of rabies, r = 0. 735 （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The ratio of male - to - female was 1.2： 1, while children under 14 years accounted for 42.96% of total number of visits. 85.14% of injuries were caused by dogs; the injury levels were mainly grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ exposures, occupying 92.39%. 98.20% of wounds were treated after exposure, 84.34% were vaccinated within 24 hours; and those people who injected with passive immunoassays accounted for 22.29% in population exposed to rabies of grade Ⅲ. Conclusion The injection rate of passive immunization is low in grade Ⅲ exposure cases of rabies in Guizhou, and the relevant policies for the subsidy of passive immunization agents should be issued. Some measures should be taken to increase the utilization rate of rabies passive immunization in grade III exposure, to decrease the risk of rabies.

关 键 词：狂犬病 暴露人群 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R181.23[医药卫生—流行病学]