GIS几何分析法在易涝区识别和空域构建中的应用  

Application of GIS Geometric Analysis for Identification of Flood-prone Areas and Construction of Surface Structure

作　　者：周倩倩[1] 许小文 苏炯恒 ZHOU Qian-qian;XU Xiao-wen;SU Jiong-heng(School of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学土木与交通工程学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2018年第19期114-117,123,共5页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(51809049);广东省公益研究与能力建设基金资助项目(2017A020219003);广州市科技计划项目(201804010406);广东省水利科技创新项目(2017-10)

摘　　要：在城市内涝灾损评估过程中,为分析地表溢流和淹没范围,常需借助地表空域建模和空间分析构建地表洼地和径流通路。基于地理信息分析系统ArcGIS和地理高程模型DEM,采用GIS洼地分析方法识别地表易积水区域,提出了地表洼地结构的特征提取方法及表征阈值的优化方案,准确识别和提取易于造成地表淹没的地形特征。采用7种标准立体几何对地表的洼地结构进行空域表征,结果显示,以面积阈值作为地表溢流区域的提取参数时,与实测易涝区匹配度最高,体积作为提取参数次之,深度的匹配结果最差。对于洼地空域结构的构型,采用标准圆台7等分体得到的体积偏差最小,即圆台最适用于描述常见地表洼地结构。To analyze surface overflow and waterlogging range, overland depressions and runoff pathway are often identified and constructed by surface structure characterization and spatial analysis during the assessment of waterlogging damage in urban areas. Based on geographical information software （ArcGIS） and digital elevation model （DEM）, spatial locations of flood-prone areas were identified by GIS depression analysis method, feature extraction method of the surface depression structure and optimal scheme of characterization of the threshold were proposed, and topographic features of flood-Drone area were accurately identified and extracted. Seven standard solid geometries were used to characterize the spatial characterization of the subsurface depression, so as to provide technical support for urban subsurface submergence analysis. The results showed that the matching degree was the highest when the area threshold was used as the extraction parameter of the surface overflow area, following was the volume and the depth was the worst. For configuration of the surface structure of the depression, the volume deviation obtained by 7 divided standard frustum of a cone was the minimum, which indicated that frustum of a cone was the most suitable for description of surface depression structure.

关 键 词：城市内涝 易涝区 空域提取 阈值优化 地表空域构型 GIS 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]