中国商法语境下的“营业”概念考  

Research on the Concept of BUSINESS in China

作　　者：丁凤玲[1] 范健[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2018年第5期138-151,共14页Journal of National Prosecutors College

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"民法典编纂后的商事立法研究"(17 BFX008)阶段性成果

摘　　要：营业"在商法上是否具有主客观含义,主要取决于一国是否具备系统的客观营业制度。当前中国虽然在《企业破产法》中使用了客观营业概念,但是没有系统的客观营业制度,所以尚无法以名词理解"营业"。但是中国有引进客观营业制度的现实需要,只不过引进后的客观营业不应当以"营业"一词表示。因为,就世界立法经验而言,为了避免法律条文的歧义,大多数国家并不都以"营业"来表示主客观营业,而是以"经营"表示主观营业,以"企业"表示客观营业。鉴于中国的"企业"一词多以法律主体出现,所以域外法作为客体的"企业"不宜在中国用于表示客观营业。对于客观营业,中国应当借鉴法国的做法,以"营业资产"表示,同时以"经营"表示主观营业,使"营业The subjective and objective meanings of BUSINESS are defendant on theobjective business regulation in a country.In China,the objective BUSINESS has been used in Enterprise Bankruptcy Law.But there is still no substantive BUSINESS due to the lack of systematic objective business.It is necessary for China to introduce objective business regulation,but objective business should not be expressed as BUSINESS.To avoid ambiguity,most countries'legal provision use MANAGEMENT to describe subjective business and FIRM to describe objective business.In China,FIRM refers to company and corporation in most cases,so it may lead to conceptual confusion.Consider the experience of France,We can define BUSINESS ASSET as objective business and use MANAGEMENT instead of subjective business.In this way,the concept of BUSINESS can be clearly defined.

关 键 词：营业 经营 企业 商法通则 商行为 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]