再论商代的“黄泉观念”——从殷墟王陵和水井深度的比较得来的启示  

On the Yellow-Springs Cosmology of the Shang Dynasty:Inspired by Comparisons between the Royal Burials and the Wells at Yinxu

作　　者：岳洪彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100710

出　　处：《中原文物》2018年第5期38-48,共11页Cultural Relics of Central China

摘　　要：殷墟王陵区共发掘十余座带墓道的大型墓葬,其腰坑的底部距地表的深度普遍在11~14米,远远超过同时期商代水井的地下潜水线,可证在王陵区商人营建大型墓葬时,墓穴(尤其腰坑)的深度均应穿透地下水,达到"下及黄泉"的效果。本文认为,这正是商代社会中"黄泉观念"的体现,商墓底部的腰坑就是死者灵魂通往黄泉路的入口,腰坑中的殉狗就是通往黄泉路上的引领者。More than ten tombs with ramps have come to light at the royal cemetery,Yinxu.The waist pits atthe bottom of those tombs,in general,are of 11 to 14 meters in depth,which are much deeper than thephreatic level evidenced in the Shang wells.It shows that,when the royal burials being constructed,the waist-pit bottoms should have been designed to reach the aquifer,in order to conduct the dead to the YellowSprings.The author argues that the deep-waist-pit mortuary custom among the royal burials should havebeen the practice of the Yellow-Springs cosmology in the Shang dynasty.The waist pits should have beenregarded as the entry into the Yellow Springs,while sacrificial dogs buried in them serving as the guides.

关 键 词：殷墟 商代墓葬 腰坑 黄泉观念 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]