从考古资料看商代的婚姻制度  

The Marriage System of the Shang Dynasty Seen from Archaeological Materials

作　　者：苗霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100710

出　　处：《中原文物》2018年第5期101-108,共8页Cultural Relics of Central China

摘　　要：婚姻制度是社会生活研究的重要内容。以往对商代婚姻方式的研究多是利用甲骨卜辞和墓葬资料。对商王和高级贵族的婚姻方式的研究,学界观点多相同,为在一夫一妻的基础上同时实行多妾制。对一般平民婚姻方式的认识则多有分歧。随着考古发掘资料的增多,近十几年来,殷墟已发现不少多套间地面或半地穴式建筑居址,房间内设置的床台仅约1米宽,每间房内均有灶,且居住址中炊煮器陶鬲的容量大多仅够一人食用。种种迹象表明,以殷墟为代表的商代社会中占大多数的一般平民,无论男女,都有较明显的独立性,婚姻制度上应实行较为松散的一夫一妻制,成年女性和未成年孩子是家庭中较稳定的成员,成年男性则游离于家庭和社会之间。Marriage system is an important component of the social life research.In the past,the studies onthe marriage modes of the Shang Dynasty were mostly referring to the oracle bone inscriptions and burialdata.The viewpoints in the academic field on the marriage modes of the kings and high-ranking elites of theShang Dynasty have no disagreements,and it is usually agreed that they were multi-concubine mode basedon monogamy.However,on the marriage mode of the common people of the Shang Dynasty,there were rathermany disagreements.Along with the accumulating of archaeological data,in recent a decade or so,manymulti-room ground-level or semi-subterranean architectural foundations have been found at the Yinxu Site.In these multi-room house foundations,there were narrow sleeping platform,one or two hearths,the volumesof the cooking vessels –the pottery li-cauldron –unearthed from which were only enough for serving oneperson.Therefore,it can be concluded that the common people,who took the absolute majority of thepopulation in the society of the Shang Dynasty represented by the Yinxu Site,were in the marriage system ofloose monogamy,if there really was.

关 键 词：多套间建筑居址 炊煮器 商代 婚姻方式 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]