太平天国运动对上海土地市场的影响(1860-1869)  

Research on the Influence of the Taiping Rebel to the Land Market of Shanghai

作　　者：牟振宇[1] Mou Zhenyu

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院历史研究所

出　　处：《社会科学》2018年第10期143-161,共19页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目"基于地籍和道契的上海百年地价时空演进规律及其驱动力分析(1843-1943)"(项目编号:41771186);国家自然科学基金青年项目"基于地籍和道契的上海‘地块’空间形态演进及其影响因子(1843-1943)"(项目编号:41301184)的阶段性成果;国家社会科学基金重大项目"外国所绘近代中国城市地图集成与研究"(项目编号:15ZDB039)

摘　　要：近代上海之崛起与其土地市场的繁荣密不可分,尽管学界很长时间并未意识到。而太平天国运动为上海土地市场提供了其必需的两大要素:大量难民的住房需求和来自战区的资金,由此催生了一个千载难逢的房地产发展契机。这既表现在战时土地交易额创历史新高,又体现在土地交易空间范围的急剧外扩:英法租界实现了土地被全部永租,而美租界则从一个蕞尔"虹口区"一跃而成为面积最大的租界。在土地市场的推动下,以洋行、洋商为主体的土地交易者并不顾忌华人利益,肆意攫取华人地产,并通过"专作买卖"、"租地造房"等方式赚取暴利,塑造了上海高密度土地利用的城市形态,对上海日后城市发展产生了深远的影响。The uprise of modern shanghai was due to the prosperity of land market, while it was ignored by the historians for a long time. Large quantities of refugees and fortune from the war area during the period of Taiping rebel （1860--1864） became two main factors to stimulate the emergence and prosperity of land market in Shanghai foreign settlements. On the one hand, the amount of land transaction exceeded any ancient periods, on the other hand, the spatial scope of land transaction extended quickly： not only the land inside of foreign settlements was bought by foreigners, but the land outside the boundary of foreign settlements was also bought by for- eigners. It was in this period that the American settlement became the largest settlement of Shanghai. At the background of ＂abnormal development＂ of the land market, more and more for- eign companies and foreign merchants took part in land transaction. ＂Land exchange＂, ＂build new houses to lease＂, ete became the main profit mode at that time. Chinese houses built in high density whose area to lease was larger than any other buildings overspread quickly all the foreign settlements and became the main urban buildings, and it made great influence to the development of Shanghai.

关 键 词：太平天国运动 租界 永租 土地交易 土地市场 

分 类 号：K254[历史地理—历史学]