广西马尾松和红锥纯林降水再分配及冠层淋溶效应  

Rainfall redistribution and canopy leaching in pure stands of Pinus massoniana and Castanopsis hystrix in Guangxi,China

作　　者：雷丽群[1,2] 农友 陈琳[1,2] 韦菊玲 何远[1,2] 梁永科 LEI Li-qun;NONG You;CHEN Lin;WEI Ju-ling;HE Yuan;LIANG Yong-ke(Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Acade-my of Forestry,Pingxiang 532600,Guangxi,China;Guangxi Youyiguan Forest Ecosystem Research Station,Pingxiang 532600,Guangxi,China）.)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验研究中心,广西凭祥532600 [2]广西友谊关森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,广西凭祥532600

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2018年第10期2889-2895,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(2016GXNSFBA380085);中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心主任基金项目(RL2017-01);广西友谊关森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站运行项目(2017-LYPT-DW-073)资助

摘　　要：明析马尾松(Pinus massoniana)和红锥(Castanopsis hystrix)纯林降水再分配及冠层淋溶效应的差异,可为南亚热带针叶人工林改造提供水文数据。依托广西友谊关森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,通过野外测定和室内分析相结合的方法,利用林下布设的30个自记雨量筒,测定了2016年1—12月的大气降水、穿透雨及树干径流,同时采集7—12月10次降水事件水样,监测其化学成分。结果表明:观测期间降雨总量为1070.2 mm,马尾松和红锥纯林穿透雨分别为823.0和693.2 mm,占降雨量的76.9%和64.8%;树干径流分别为3.2和9.9 mm,占降雨量的0.3%和0.9%;林冠截留量分别为244.0和367.1 mm,占降雨量的22.8%和34.3%,说明马尾松和红锥纯林对降水再分配的作用是不同的,红锥纯林具有更好的林冠截留能力。降水对红锥纯林冠层4种盐基离子(K^+、Mg^(2+)、Na^+、Ca^(2+))的淋溶量为17.53 kg·hm^(-2),是马尾松纯林的0.7倍,但酸缓冲是马尾松纯林的1.6倍。与马尾松纯林相比,红锥纯林具有更好的避免冠层养分淋溶和应对酸沉降的能力。The differences of rainfall redistribution and canopy leaching between the pure stands of Pinus massoniana and Castanopsis hystrix were compared to provide hydrological data for the transformations of coniferous plantations in southern subtropical China. In Guangxi Youyiguan Forest Ecosystem Research Station,a combination of field testing and laboratory analysis was used to measure rainfall,throughfall,and stemflow by 30 understory tipping bucket rain gauges from January to December in 2016. We analyzed the chemistry compositions in samples from ten rainfall events occurred during July to December. The results showed that precipitation was1070.2 mm during study period. The throughfall reached 823.0 and 693.2 mm in pure stands of P. massoniana and C. hystrix,accounting for 76.9% and 64.8% of the precipitation,respectively. Moreover,the stemflow was 3.2 and 9.9 mm for both stands,being 0.3% and 0.9% of the precipitation,respectively. The canopy interceptions were 244.0 and 367.1 mm,accounting for22.8% and 34.3% of the precipitation,respectively. Our results suggested that there were differences in the rainfall redistribution between the two pure stands,with C. hystrix stand having better ability of canopy interception than P. massoniana stand. The amount of canopy leaching for K^＋,Mg^2＋ ,Na^＋ and Ca^2＋ in C. hystrix stand was 17.53 kg·hm^-2,which was 0.7 times of the P.massoniana stand. However,the acid buffering capacity of C. hystrix stand was 1.6 times of the P. massoniana stand. Compared with the P. massoniana pure stand,the C. hystrix pure stand was more effective to prevent canopy nutrient leaching and adapt to the acid deposition.

关 键 词：马尾松 红锥 穿透雨 树干径流 淋溶 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]