陇东旱作果园生草对土壤细菌群落组成的影响  

Effects of grass-planting on soil bacterial community composition of apple orchard in Longdong arid region

作　　者：钱雅丽 梁志婷 曹铨 杨宪龙 沈禹颖[1,2,3] 王先之 QIAN Ya-li;LIANG Zhi-ting;CAO Quan;YANG Xian-long;SHEN Yu-ying;WANG Xian-zhi(College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology,Lanzhou 730020,China;Estate Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education,Lanzhou 730020,China）.)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州730020 [2]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州730020 [3]草业科学国家级实验教学示范中心,兰州730020

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2018年第10期3010-3017,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD14B006);国家自然科学基金项目(51609112)资助

摘　　要：以陇东旱塬13年生秦冠苹果园为对象,采用高通量测序技术分析鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)生草模式下0~10 cm土壤细菌群落及特异菌属组成特征,明晰生草覆盖后土壤细菌群落多样性变化规律,为陇东旱作果园建立最优生草管理方式提供依据。结果表明:3种生草模式下,土壤细菌群落中相对丰度前3位的菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(48%~52%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)(14%~19%)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)(10%~17%);与对照相比,鸭茅、白三叶和紫花苜蓿处理土壤细菌β-变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria)相对丰度分别增加19%~38%,黄杆菌纲(Flavobacteriia)相对丰度分别增加31%~65%,土壤溶杆菌属(Lysobacter)相对丰度分别增加37%~93%,苯基杆菌属(Phenylobacterium)相对丰度分别增加45%~52%;不同生草模式下土壤均发现特异菌属,梭菌属(Clostridium)出现在鸭茅模式中,该菌属促进土壤氮素积累;侏囊菌属(Nannocystis)存在于白三叶模式中,该菌属分布在有机质丰富环境中;芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)主要出现在种植白三叶和紫花苜蓿的土壤中,该菌属与植物固氮有较强关联性;果园生草后土壤细菌多样性有增加趋势,可以促进土壤有益特异菌属产生,从而起到调节土壤微环境的作用。To examine the impacts of grass-planting on soil bacterial diversity in apple orchard,high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze bacterial community and composition of specific bacteria genera in top soil（ 0-10 cm） in a 13-year-old Qinguan apple orchard under planting different grass species including orchard grass（ Dactylis glomerata）,white clover（ Trifolium repens） and alfalfa（ Medicago sativa） in Longdong arid region,Gansu. The results showed that the top three phyla with highest relative abundance were Proteobacteria（ 48%-52%）,Bacteroidetes（ 14%-19%） and Acidobacteria（ 10%-17%） under the three grass-planting models. Compared to the control,the relative abundance of Betaproteobacteria increased by 19%-38%,Flavobacteriia by 31%-65%,Lysobacter by 37%-93% and Phenylobacterium by 45%-52% respectively under different grass-planting patterns. Clostridium,which promotes soil nitrogen accumulation,was observed only in the orchard grass treatment. Nannocystis,favoring organically rich environments,existed only in the white clover treatment. Bacillus,which has a strong association with plant nitrogen fixation,mainly occurred in the soil where white clover and alfalfa were cultivated. Our results suggested that soil bacteria diversity increased under grass-planting in the apple orchard. Grass-planting can promote the occurrence of specific beneficial bacteria in the soil and thus play a role in regulating soil microenvironment.

关 键 词：黄土高原 果园生草 微生物 群落特征 特异菌属 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]