北方地区铁矿废弃地基质改良及植被恢复技术  

Techniques for substrate amelioration and revegetation of iron mine wasteland in northern China

作　　者：张鸿龄[1] 孙丽娜[1] 马国峰[2] 李天骄 郑学昊 ZHANG Hong-ling;SUN Li-na;MA Guo-feng;LI Tian-jiao;ZHENG Xue-hao(Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-remediation（Shenyang University）,Ministry of Education,Shenyang 110044,China;Key Laboratory of Advance Materials Technology of Edu-cational Department Liaoning Province,Shenyang University,Shenyang 110044,China）.)

机构地区：[1]沈阳大学区域污染环境与生态修复教育部重点实验室,沈阳110044 [2]沈阳大学先进材料制备重点实验室,沈阳110044

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2018年第10期3130-3136,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究计划项目(2014CB441106);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(20170540638);博士后基金项目(2016M601333)资助

摘　　要：北方地区铁矿围岩硬度大,采选后形成大面积立地条件恶劣的排岩场。该类废弃地主要由砂砾组成,粉砂含量占比99%左右,持水保肥能力差,养分贫瘠。通过添加城市生活污泥、粉煤灰及黏土配比的人工基质进行矿地土壤改良。结果表明:人工基质中总氮含量为4.37~6.60 g·kg^(-1),有效磷、有效钾含量也属于高肥力水平,且重金属Zn、Ni、Cr、Mn和Hg含量低;采用鱼鳞坑模式种植乔灌木刺槐与棉槐,生长2年后,植株茎干、根系生长迅速,周围有大量草本植物出现,植被盖度显著增加;矿渣中重金属主要富集在植物根部,且随着生长时间的增加,向地上转移的量越来越少;在铁矿排岩场植被恢复2~3年后,废弃地肥力及养分的补充是制约其恢复效果的关键。Due to the large hardness of wall rock of iron ores in northern China,the site condition of the iron mine dumps is bad. The silty and sand contents in such iron mine dumps are about 99%. Water and nutrition holding capacity is poor. The contents of N,P and K are low. By adding artificial substrates,which were made up of municipal sewage sludge,fly ash and clay,the physicochemical properties of iron mine wasteland would be improved. The results showed that total N concentration in artificial substrate was 4.37-6.60 g·kg^-1,and the available P and K concentrations were at the high fertility level. Moreover,concentrations of heavy metals（ Zn,Ni,Cr,Mn and Hg） in the substrates were low. Robinia pseudoacacia and Amorpha fruticosa were planted in fish-scale pits on the slope of dump. After two years,trees grew well,many herbaceous plants appeared,and the vegetation coverage increased. Heavy metals were enriched in plant roots,which were less and less transferred to the aboveground parts over time. Soil fertility and nutrient supplementation were the key to revegetation in the iron mine dumps after 2-3 years.

关 键 词：矿山废弃地 排岩场 基质改良 植被恢复 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]