大猩猩和现代人股骨颈截面形态对比分析  

Comparison of femoral neck cross-sectional morphology between gorilla and human

作　　者：杜抱朴 张立召[1] 赵凌霞[1] DU Bao-pu;ZHANG Li-zhao;ZHAO Ling-xia(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology aad Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beifing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所人类室中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [2]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《解剖学报》2018年第5期666-670,共5页Acta Anatomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41672022);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB26000000);中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所重点部署项目

摘　　要：目的探讨大猩猩和现代人股骨颈结构对不同行走方式的差异化适应。方法使用CT扫描9例大猩猩和18例现代人股骨标本,选取股骨颈内5处截面,测量截面几何形态参数。结果大猩猩和现代人股骨颈近端至远端截面内几何形态参数(如Ix/Iy、Zx/Zy和标准化骨密质面积)多呈增长趋势,但现代人标准化极截面抵抗矩除外。大猩猩股骨颈各截面内标准化骨密质面积和极截面抵抗矩均明显低于现代人。结论大猩猩和现代人股骨颈各截面内几何形态特征间的相似性可能与股骨颈作为悬臂梁结构相关,而差异性主要归因于不同行走方式所产生的载荷环境。现代人颈中部抗扭转强度和平均抗弯强度相对较低,可能是导致其股骨颈中部易发生骨折的原因之一。Objective To analyze the mechanical effect of different modes of locomotion on the whole femoral neck of the gorilla and human. Methods The femoral specimens of the gorilla（ n = 8） and human（ n = 18） were scanned by the computed tomography. We obtained five femoral neck slices from the base of the femoral head to the trochanteric line,and measured the cross-sectional geometric properties. Results Cross-sectional geometric properties [eg,Ix/Iy,Zx/Zy and standardized cortical area（ CA） ] of the femoral neck were increasing from the proximal to distal portion,besides the standardized polar section modulus（ Zp） of the human. The values of standardized CA and Zp were lower in the gorilla than the human. Conclusion The similarity and difference of cross-sectional geometric properties between the gorilla and human femoral neck,respectively,correspond to its structure character which acts as a cantilevered beam and the different load conditions during bipedal and quadrupedal walking. Additionally,the polar section modulus of human mid-neck is significantly lower than other cross-sections,making it a fracture-prone region.

关 键 词：股骨颈 行走方式 截面几何形态 CT扫描 大猩猩 现生人科成员 

分 类 号：Q983.3[生物学—人类学]