饲用苎麻机械化收获与农艺融合技术研究  

Research on Mechanized Harvesting and Technology with Agronomic Intergration for Forage Ramie

作　　者：唐守伟[1] 刘凯 戴求仲[1] 魏仲珊 刘头明[1] 王延周[1] 朱四元[1] 方友祥 TANG Shouwei;LIU Kai;DAI Qiuzhong;WEI Zhongshan;LIU Touming;WANG Yanzhou;ZHU Siyuan;FANG Youxiang(Institute of Bast Fiber Crops,Chinese Academy of Agricuhural Sciences,Changsha 410205,China;Yiyang Chuang Hui Agricuhural Machinecy Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Yiyang,Hunan 413059,China;Deren Animal Husbandcy Technology Co.,Ltd.,Changde,Hunan 415900,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院麻类研究所,长沙410205 [2]益阳创辉农业机械装备有限公司,湖南益阳413059 [3]湖南德人牧业科技有限公司,湖南常德415900

出　　处：《中国麻业科学》2018年第5期226-233,共8页Plant Fiber Sciences in China

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IBFC04)

摘　　要：饲用苎麻具有生长快、生物产量高和品质优的特点,是优良的南方饲草品种。然而,饲用苎麻的种植存在三大瓶颈问题:一是适应于南方种植的粗蛋白含量高且耐收割的品种较少;二是适应南方湿润气候作业的收获机械问题突出,饲用苎麻收割全凭手工作业,劳动强度大且效率不高;三是适应机械化作业且生产效率高的种植模式缺乏,农机与农艺融合度不高,进而影响了南方饲用苎麻产业化推进。针对上述瓶颈问题,在中国农业科学院创新工程和国家麻类产业技术体系的支持下,与益阳创辉农业机械装备有限公司、德人牧业科技有限公司和湖南省畜牧兽医研究所共同开展了饲用苎麻机械化收获技术研究,研制出具有自主知识产权的履带自走式联合收割机,配套动力65 kW,工作效率达到0. 2 hm^2/h;筛选出适合南方湿润气候种植,生物产量和蛋白含量高,且抗机械碾压的饲用苎麻品种;探索出适应机械化作业的宽窄行种植模式,厢宽450 cm,株距分别为70、30 cm,行距50 cm,适合割幅220 cm的联合收割机往返收割一次。本技术主要创新为双搅龙割台联动,集割倒、输送、切碎和集料箱及自动卸料为一体的组合装置,形成了物料的最佳走向,大幅提高了工作效率;采用橡胶履带式行走装置减少了机械的接地压力,解决了传统轮胎式行走青饲料收割机对饲用苎麻根系损伤的问题;首创旋刀鼓风组合式切碎装置,解决了饲用苎麻在切碎过程中长纤维物易缠绕运动部件的难题;筛选出了适应机械化作业的宽窄行种植模式,实现了饲用苎麻联合收获与农艺融合技术的结合。Ramie has the characteristics of fast growth, high yielding and good quality for forage biomass. It is an excellent Southern forage crop. However, there are three major bottlenecks in the cultivation of the forage ramie. First, few varieties which are high etude protein and easy for mechanized harvesting can adapt to the South planting condition; Second, rainy season and humid climate in the south are obstacles of drying and processing for storage; the third is the lack of proper high efficient cultivation mode which can be adopted to the mechanization operation. Moreover, the low degree of integration of agricultural machinery with agronomy affects the industrialization of ramie in southern China. In view of the above bottlenecks, with the support of the innovation program of Chinese Academy of Agricuhural Sciences and the national bast fiber induswy technical system, the joint research and development of Yiyang Chuang Hui agricultural machinery equipment Co. , Ltd. , Deign Animal Husbandry Technology Co. , Ltd. and Hunan animal husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute have been developed jointly the forage ramie combine harvester, a self walking crawler combine harvester with independent intellectual property right with matching power 65kW, working efficiency reached 0.2 hm2/hour. Forage ramie varieties suitable for humid climate in the south have been screened out, with high biological yielding, high protein content and resistance to mechanical rolling. And a wide - narrow row planting pattern adapted to mechanization operation has been developed, of which 450 cm wing width, width row 70 cm, narrow row 30 cm, and it is suitable for combine harvester with 220 cm cutting width to harvest in a roundtrip once. The main technological innovation points are the key parts of rational layout which optimized the whole structure , formed the best direction of the material, greatly improved the working efficiency, using the rubber crawler type walking device to reduce the mechanical grounding pressure.

关 键 词：饲用苎麻 履带自走式 联合收割机 农艺融合技术 

分 类 号：S225.8[农业科学—农业机械化工程]