不同密度下玉米倒伏相关性状与产量的研究  

Study on the Relationship Between Yield and Lodging Traits of Maize under Different Planting Densities

作　　者：郭书磊[1,2] 陈娜娜[1] 齐建双[1] 岳润清[1] 韩小花[1] 燕树锋[1] 卢彩霞[1] 傅晓雷 郭新海 铁双贵[1] GUO Shu-lei;CHEN Na-na;QI Jian-shuang;YUE Run-qing;HAN Xiao-hua;YAN Shu-feng;LU Cai-xia;FU Xiao-lei;GUO Xin-hai;TIE Shuang-gui(Cereal Crops Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology,Zhengzhou 450002;College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/河南省玉米生物学重点实验室,郑州450002 [2]河南农业大学农学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《玉米科学》2018年第5期71-77,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0101201);中国博士后科学基金(2017M612404);河南省现代农业产业技术体系专项经费(S2015-02-G02);河南省科技攻关项目(182102110122)

摘　　要：研究分析7．5万株／hm^2和9．0万株／hm^2密度下14个杂交组合茎秆穿刺强度、压折强度和穗位系数的变化与倒伏的关系，并利用逐步回归和通径分析，解析其对产量的影响作用。结果表明，茎秆穿刺强度、压折强度、穗位系数、倒伏率、密度与产量密切相关。随着密度的提高，穗位系数和倒伏率分别增加2．4％、88．51％，茎秆穿刺强度、压折强度和产量分别降低4．4％、22．26％、4．6％。过高的密度影响各性状问的相关程度发生变化，尤其是高密度下与产量密切相关的茎秆压折强度、倒伏率，其相关性表现得更显著。通过对产量作用因子进行分解，发现高密度下对产量的影响作用倒伏率〉穿刺强度〉压折强度，其作用系数分别为-0．670、0．224、0．171，最终遴选出耐密性优异的高产组合ZD181和ZD179。In order to screen lodging resistance and high-density-tolerance maize varieties, the relationships between the rind penetration strength, stalk breaking strength, together with ear height coefficient, and lodging were investigated for 14 hybrid combinations under two densities of 75 000 and 90 000 plants/ha. Further, we dissected the effects of these relationships on maize yield with stepwise regression and path analyses. The results showed that rind penetration strength, stalk breaking strength, ear height coefficient, lodging percentage, and density were significantly correlated with maize yield. With the increase of planting density, ear height coefficient and lodging percentage were increased by 2.4% and 88.51%, respectively, while rind penetration strength, stalk breaking strength, and yield were decreased by 4.4%, 22.26%, and 4.6%, respectively. And the correlations varied with density changing, in particular, the correlations between stalk breaking strength, lodging percentage, and yield. Based on the analysis of yield components, under high-density condition, the influencing factor related with maize yield from high to low was lodging percentage 〉 rind penetration strength 〉 stalk breaking strength, and their decisive coefficients were-0.670, 0.224, and 0.171, respectively. Finally, two excellent high-density-tolerance hybrid combinations, ZD181 and ZD179, were selected.

关 键 词：玉米 密度 抗倒力学 穗位系数 倒伏 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]