海南岛洋浦湾沉积物重金属和营养元素的污染评价与来源分析  

Contamination Assessment and Source Analysis for Heavy Metals and Nutrient Elements in Sediments of the Yangpu Bay,Hainan Island

作　　者：甘华阳[1,2] 何海军 夏真[1,2] 利锋 GAN Huayang;HE Haijun;XIA Zhen;LI Feng(Guangzhou Marine Geologica｜ Survey,Guangzhou 510760,China;Key Laboratory of Marine China)

机构地区：[1]广州海洋地质调查局,广州510760 [2]自然资源部海底矿产资源重点实验室,广州510760 [3]华南理工大学水利工程系,广州510641

出　　处：《地球与环境》2018年第5期463-474,共12页Earth and Environment

基　　金：中国地质调查局华南西部滨海湿地地质调查与生态环境评价项目(1212010914020)

摘　　要：本研究对洋浦湾沉积物中重金属和营养元素的含量分布、累积趋势、富集状况、来源及其潜在生态风险进行了分析。洋浦湾表层沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、As、Cd、Hg、TN、TP和TOC的含量分别为11.9±6.8、48.8±27.3、22.6±6.2、33.7±23.3、5.17±2.20、0.035±0.022、0.055±0.034、549.80±392.80、300.72±175.79 μg/g和0.62±0.62%。Cr、As、Hg和TP四种元素的平均含量在外湾高于内湾。大多数元素含量在洋浦湾外湾、北岸和东南岸春江口较高，但在内湾西南岸存在重或严重富集。主成分分析表明表层沉积物中TOC、TP和Hg含量受人为因素的影响较为显著。洋浦湾现代沉积速率约为0.58-1.18 cm/a。TN、TP、Hg、TOC和Cu等元素约从上世纪50年代或80年代开始在沉积物中出现富集趋势，主要与新中国的成立和改革开放政策实施后，研究区陆域生产力的大发展引起的向海排污的增加有关。根据估算，洋浦湾七种重金属的沉积通量约为1 100 mg/（m^2·a），TOC、TN和TP的沉积通量约为130 mg/（m^2·a）。洋浦湾沉积物质量整体较好，重金属的生态风险较低，但需警惕并防控As、TOC和Hg等元素的污染，避免它们在沉积物中的持续累积以及可能引起的负面生态效应。The distribution, enrichment, source and potential eco-risk of heavy metals and nutrient elements in sediments of the Yangpu Bay, Hainan Island, were analyzed. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, As, Cd, Hg, TN, TP and TOC in surface sediments were 11.9±6.8, 48.8±27.3, 22.6±6.2, 33.7±23.3, 5.17±2.20, 0.035±0.022, 0.055±0.034, 549.80±392.80, 300.72±175.79 μg/g and 0.62±0.62%, respectively. The mean concentrations of Cr, As, Hg and TP were higher in the open bay than in the inner bay. High levels were found for all analyzed elements in sediments of the open bay, the northern coast and the estuary of Chun river in the inner bay, but heavy to severe enrichments were found at the west part of the southwestern coast of inner bay. The modern sedimentary rate of the Yangpu Bay was about 0.58-1.18 cm/a. The enrichments of TN, TP, Hg, TOC and Cu started from 1950s or 1980s, which were likely caused by increasing pollution discharge during the rapid economic development after the founding of new China and the implementation of reforming and opening policy. The estimated deposit fluxes of seven heavy metals and three nutrient elements in the Yangpu Bay were about 1 100 mg/（m^2·a） and 130 mg/（m^2·a）, respectively. Although the sediment quality was roughly good and the potential eco-risks of heavy metals were currently low, cautions should be given for As, TOC and Hg to avoid happening of negative ecological effects after their continuous accumulation in sediments.

关 键 词：重金属 营养元素 沉积物 洋浦湾 

分 类 号：P736.41[天文地球—海洋地质] X501[天文地球—海洋科学]