一次过冷水充沛的积层混合云宏微观探测研究  

A Macro and Micro Detection Research on the Convective-stratiform Mixed Clouds Contains Plenty of Supercooled Water

作　　者：彭冲[1] 李昊[1] 杨敏[1] 郝剑平[1] 张凡 PENG Chong;LIHao;YANG Min;HAO Jianping;ZHANG Fan(Weather Modification Center of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省人工影响天气中心,郑州450000

出　　处：《河南科学》2018年第10期1615-1620,共6页Henan Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划云水资源评估研究与利用示范(2016YFA0601701);中国气象局气象关键技术集成与应用项目(CMAGJ2014M33);河南省气象局气象科学技术研究项目(KM201720)共同资助

摘　　要：通过飞机微物理探测资料,结合卫星、雷达、探空、EC、雨量、天气形势等多种宏观数据,对2013年4月5日河南中南部一次过冷水充沛的积层混合云系降水过程进行综合分析.结果表明:本次飞机探测为天气系统中后期,云系发展深厚无夹层,飞行区域雷达回波水平及垂直分布不均匀,云中过冷水含量极为充沛,且伴随高度的上升而增大. 4950 m大云粒子以冰晶为主,存在少量冰针等其他形状的固态粒子,降水粒子多数呈枝杈状;3000～4000 m(-3～-6℃)在过冷水丰富条件下,有助于针状粒子形成与增长;2400 m高度上粒子基本以霰和雪等为主.粒子谱宽在冷区大于暖区;整个过程小云粒子浓度较高,谱宽多数集中在20μm以下,谱型呈单峰分布;大云粒子谱在暖区呈单峰分布,在冷区呈双峰分布;降水粒子谱型规律性不强,整个过程呈指数分布或单峰分布.On April 5, 2013, a macro and micro comprehensive analysis was conducted on the precipitation process of a convective-stratiform mixed clouds which had the plenty of cold water in south-central Henan Province. This study used the data of aircraft microphysical detection and combined with satellite, radar, air detection, rainfall, the weather situation and other macro detection. The results showed that： the plane was detected in the middle and late stages of the weather system and the cloud system developed deep without the interlayer. The horizontal and vertical distribution of radar echoes in the flight area was not uniform. The supercooled water content in the cloud was abundant and increased with heights. The CIP particles were mainly ice crystals at 4950 meters. Other shapes of solid particles existed a small number of ice needles and so on. Most the PIP particles were branched. The formation and growth of needle-like particles could be facilitated in the environment of rich supercooled water from 3000 meters to 4000 meters （-3- -6 ℃）. At the altitude of 2400 meters, particles were mainly snow. The spectral width of particles was greater in cold area than in warm area. In the whole process, we found the concentration of the CDP particles was high, the width of the particle spectrum was concentrated below 20 μm, and the spectral type showed a single peak distribution. The CIP particle spectra showed the single peak distribution in the warm zone and the double peak distribution in the cold zone. The PIP particle spectral pattern was not regular and the whole process presented the exponential distribution or single peak distribution.

关 键 词：积层混合云 宏微观探测 粒子谱 过冷水 

分 类 号：P412.15[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]