自动观测在不同下垫面的温度观测差异  

Study on Difference of Automatic Observation with Different Underlying Surfaces

作　　者：赵美艳 余君 蒋镇 ZHAO Meiyan;YU Jun;JIANG Zhen(The Meteorological Information And Technical Center of Chongqing Meteorological Bureau,Chongqing 401147,China;The Meteorological Service Center of Chongqing Meteorological Bureau,Chongqing 401147,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市气象信息与技术保障中心,重庆401147 [2]重庆市气象服务中心,重庆401147

出　　处：《高原山地气象研究》2018年第3期91-96,共6页Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research

基　　金：重庆市气象局智慧气象技术创新团队项目(ZHCXTD-201818)

摘　　要：利用重庆市巴南区花溪城市站的多种下垫面(石板、水面、泥土、鹅卵石、草地、水泥、沥青等)及裸露空气(裸温)温度观测资料,分析了各下垫面温度及裸温的季、月、日变化特征和变化规律,结果如下:(1)各下垫面温度和裸温具有显著的季、月变化特征,夏季(尤其是7月)最高,春秋次之,冬季最低。各观测项之间温度的差异在夏季最为明显,冬季差异最小;(2)各下垫面温度和裸温日变化趋势与百叶箱气温基本一致。白天,水泥和沥青的温度值较高,日变化幅度最大,夜间水泥温度最高,草地温度最低;(3)无论是连晴高温天气还是连阴雨天气,水面温度的日变化幅度都最小,主要原因是各下垫面中水的热容量最大,水泥和沥青的热容量则相对较小,即在相同的太阳辐射条件下,水面温度变化最小,水泥和沥青温度则变化较大。连阴雨天气下,夜间各观测项之间差异相对明显,且夜间水泥温度一直处于较低位置,这是与连晴高温时的不同之处。Based on the observed temperature data of several typical underlying surfaces, namely, slabstone, the surface of the water, soil, cobblestone, grass land, cement, asphalt and the bare air temperature in Huaxi station of Banan, Chongqing, the characteristics and regularity of the temperature on the surfaces above were analyzed. Results are shown as follows. （ 1 ） The temperature of all the underlying surfaces and the bare air have significant seasonal and monthly changes, which is the highest in summer（ especially in July）, followed byspring and autumn, and the lowest in winter. And the difference of temperature is the most obvious in summer and the least in winter. （2） The diurnal variation trend of temperature is basically consistent with the air temperature, and the temperature of cement and asphalt which are the most highest have the largest diurnal variation. The temperature of cement is the highest, and the grass land is the lowest at night. （3） The diurnal variation range of water, which has larger heat capacitythan cement and asphalt is smaller whether in sunnyor rainy. That is, with the same solar radiation condition, the change of water temperature is less than the others. The difference between the observed items is relatively obvious at night, and the temperature of cement at night is always in a lower position.

关 键 词：下垫面 温度 差异 

分 类 号：P412.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]