全球变化背景下生态气象监测、评价及预警若干问题  

Several problems in eco-meteorological monitoring,evaluation and early warning under background of global change

作　　者：王让会[1] WANG Ranghui(School of Applied Meteorology/Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology/ Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology,Nanjing University of hfformation Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院/大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/江苏省农业气象重点实验室,南京210044

出　　处：《南京信息工程大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第5期623-628,共6页Journal of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：中科院科技先导项目(XDA20030101-02);国家发改委中国清洁发展机制基金(2013013);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD16B0305;2012BAC23B01)

摘　　要：IPCC发布的气候变化报告表明,全球变暖是不争的事实,中国气候变化的总体效应为弊大于利;人类必须通过共同努力,应对气候变化的负面效应.在全球变化背景下,生态系统中的生物与环境要素如何变化,相关生态现象与生态过程机制如何,生态问题及其机制如何,均需要全面监测及综合评价才可能通过构建模型、建立基准进行风险预警.这也是目前生态环境损害赔偿及维护生态稳定性的客观需要.生态要素影响并制约着区域气候特征,而特定气候也不同程度地反馈于生态过程,产生不同的生态效果,这些问题的本质就是生态气象耦合关系问题.生态气象就是在生态学及气象学交叉与融合的背景下产生的新学科,并结合相关学科及遥感等信息技术,极大地丰富了学科内涵.未来生态气象监测评估及预警将全面展开,生态科学研究与气象业务服务也将紧密融合,生态气象评估方法趋于规范化与标准化,"互联网+"理念将促进"生态物联网"与生态气象的不断创新与发展.本研究对于美丽中国及生态文明建设(ECC)具有重要现实意义.In the context of global change, a on climate change shows that global wamling is doing more haml than good.We must work cal and environmental elements of ecosystem series of changes have taken place in the ecosystem.The IPCC＇s report is an indisputable fact that the overall effect of China＇s climate change together to address the negative effects of climate change.How biologi- change, and the relevant ecological phenomena and ecological proces- ses,ecological problems and its mechanism,all need comprehensive monitoring and integrated evaluation,based on which the risk early-warning is possible through building models and establishing benchmarks.This is also the objective need of ecological damage compensation and ecological stability. Ecological factors influence and restrict regional climate characteristics, and the specific climate is reflected in the ecological process to varying degrees, resuhing in different ecological effects.The nature of related problems naturally becomes the problem of coupling ecol- ogy with meteorology.Ecometeorology is a new subject which is produced under the background of the intersection and fusion of ecology and meteorology, and combines relevant disciplines and remote sensing infommtion technology,which greatly enriches the subject connotation.Ecological meteorological monitoring and evaluation and early warning will be developing in the near future. Meanwhile, ecological researeh and the meteorological services will also be closely integrated.Furthermore, ecological meteorology evaluation methods tend to be more standardized. Especially,the ＂Internet＋＂ concept will promote the continuous innovation and development in ecometeorology and the ecological ＂ Internet of Things ＂. This study has gloat practical significance for the ＂ beautiful China＂ development and China＇s ecological civilization construction.

关 键 词：全球变化 生态气象 气象业务服务 生态物联网 生态文明 耦合关系 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学] P49[生物学—普通生物学]