宏基因组技术在新型生物燃料生产酶制剂开发中的应用  

Metagenomic Technologies for the Discovery of Novel Enzymes for Biofuel Production

作　　者：安迎锋 王虹玲[1] AN Ying-feng;WANG Hong-ling(College of Bioscielwes and Biotechnology,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学生物科学技术学院,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《微生物学杂志》2018年第5期1-8,共8页Journal of Microbiology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31100045;31270114;31870784)

摘　　要：随着石化燃料的日益减少,以植物生物质为原料的可再生生物燃料成为石化燃料的理想替代品。然而微生物降解生物质效率低下,是生物燃料生产过程中一大难题,因此开发效率高、稳定性强的微生物酶制剂显得尤为重要。近年来,宏基因组技术的发展为生物燃料的生产提供了多种新型酶制剂。宏基因组技术是直接提取环境样品中的总DNA,通过构建文库,筛选目的基因或功能基因的方法,在用于燃料生产的新型酶制剂的开发中发挥着重要作用。本文概述了宏基因组技术的实施策略,总结了包括纤维素酶、蛋白酶、酯酶、脂肪酶等多种酶资源开发的最新研究进展,并综合和讨论了通过酶法将木质纤维素等生物材料有效转化为生物燃料的途径,为新酶的开发提供了新思路。In order to address the issues of energy crisis and environmental pollution, a renewable biofuel from plant biomass degradation is becoming an ideal alternative to fossil fuels. However, the low efficiency of degradation of recalcitrant plant biomass by microbial catalysis is a major problem in the process of biofuel production, thus it is important to develop novel enzymes with high efficiency and stability. In recent years, the development of metagenomic technology has provided many novel enzymes with value in biofuel production. Metagenome technology is an approach which directly extract the total DNA of environmental samples, through construct the libraries to screen the target or functional genes, and plays an important rule in the discovery of novel enzymes for biofuel production. Here we summarized the strategy of metagenomic technology and provide examples of enzymes obtained from metagenomic libraries including cellulases, proteases, esterases, lipases et al., and provide a new idea for the mining of novel enzyme.

关 键 词：宏基因组技术 生物燃料 酶 生物质降解 

分 类 号：Q783[生物学—分子生物学] Q814.4