迈克耳孙干涉仪自动测量系统设计  

Design of an automatic measurement system for Michelson interferometer

作　　者：石明吉[1] 王飞 王珍桢 SHI Ming-ji;WANG Fei;WANG Zhen-zhen(School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Nanyang Institute of Technology,Nanyang 473004,China)

机构地区：[1]南阳理工学院电子与电气工程学院,河南南阳473004

出　　处：《物理实验》2018年第10期24-27,共4页Physics Experimentation

基　　金：南阳理工学院省示范校建设专项研究项目(No.SFX201718;No.2017-NGGJJJ-002)

摘　　要：传统的迈克耳孙干涉仪实验需要人工转动微调手轮使动镜移动,需要人工读数获取动镜位移信息,人工计数获取干涉条纹吞吐的数目,不仅容易导致观察者视觉疲劳,而且很容易导致计数错误,引起较大的实验误差.因此,本文设计了基于单片机的迈克耳孙干涉仪自动测量系统,利用直流减速电机带动微调手轮转动使动镜发生位移;利用光敏电阻模块将干涉条纹的移动转换为条纹计数脉冲供单片机计数并显示;利用码盘和红外对射计数传感器模块将微调手轮的转动转换为位移计数脉冲供单片机计数并显示.实验表明:利用迈克耳孙干涉仪自动测量系统测量He-Ne激光波长的相对误差为0.21%,远小于人工测量的相对误差3.0%.The traditional Michelson interferometer experiment required manual rotation of the fine-tuning hand-wheel to adjust the movable mirror, manual recording of the displacement of the mirror and manual counting of the number of interference fringes, which could lead to not only visual fatigue, but also error of counting,and cause large experimental error. An automatic measurement system for based on single chip microcontroller was designed, which used a DC deceleration motor to drive the fine-tuning hand-wheel to translate movable mirror, a photosensitive resistance module to convert the movement of the interference fringe into stripe-counting pulse, and a code disc module to convert the rotation of the fine-tuning hand-wheel to displacement-counting pulse. The experimental results showed that the relative error, when measuring the wavelength of He-Ne laser using the improved automatic measurement system, was 0.21%, which is much better than that of 3% in manual measurement.

关 键 词：迈克耳孙干涉仪 直流减速电机 光电码盘 红外对射计数传感器 单片机 数码管 

分 类 号：O436.1[机械工程—光学工程]