施用锯末对土壤理化性质、高灌蓝莓生长及果实品质的影响  

Effects of Applying Sawdust on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties,Growth and Fruit Quality of Highbush Blueberry

作　　者：魏海蓉[1] 谭钺[1] 朱东姿 宗晓娟[1] 陈新[1] 徐丽[1] 刘庆忠[1] Wei Hairong;Tan Yue;Zhu Dongzi;Zong Xiaojuan;Chen Xin;Xu Li;Liu Qingzhong(Shandong Institute of Pomology/Key Laboratory jbr Fruit Biotechnology Breeding of Shandong,Taian 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所/山东省果树生物技术育种重点实验室,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2018年第10期95-99,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省林业科技创新项目"特色浆果新品种选育与高效技术研究"(LYCX04-2018-19)

摘　　要：采用田间小区随机区组试验,以高灌蓝莓品种‘蓝丰’为试材,研究了不施锯末(CK)、土施锯末(TJ)、土施+覆盖锯末(TJ+FJ)和覆盖锯末(FJ) 4种处理对土壤理化性质、高灌蓝莓生长发育及果实品质的影响。结果表明,施用锯末能有效降低土壤容重,增加土壤孔隙度,TJ+FJ处理的土壤容重和孔隙度均与对照达显著差异(P <0.05);与对照相比,各处理的土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾、铵态氮、硝态氮、有效铁和有效锌含量增加,土壤pH值降低;各处理的株高、冠幅、叶面积、新梢数量和新梢长度均显著高于对照(P <0.05),其中TJ+FJ处理的5项指标均最高; TJ+FJ处理显著提高高灌蓝莓的净光合速率、平均单果重、可溶性固形物含量和花青苷含量,降低可滴定酸含量。可见,施用锯末能够改善土壤透气性,增加土壤养分,增强高灌蓝莓光合能力,进而促进高灌蓝莓生长和综合品质改善,并且以土施加覆盖相结合的施用方式效果最佳。To research the effects of sawdust application on the soil physical and chemical properties, growth and fruit quality of highbush bluebelwy （ Faccinium corymbosum） , using the cuhivar Bluecrop as test material, a field experiment of complete randomized block design with three replicates was carried out. No sawdust （CK）, applying sawdust into soil （TJ）, applying sawdust into soil ＋ covering with sawdust （TJ ＋ FJ） and covering with sawdust （FJ） were designed as treatments. The results showed that the soil bulk density decreased and the soil porosity increased with the application of sawdust. Compared the TJ ＋ FJ treatment with control, the differences reached significant level （P 〈 0.05 ）. The content of organic matter, available P, a- vailable K, ammonium - N, nitrate - N, available Fe and available Zn under the sawdust treatments increased compared with the control. The soil pH level reduced with the application of sawdust. The plant height, cano- py, leaf area, new shoot number and new shoot length under the treatments with sawdust increased significant- ly （P 〈 0.05 ） especially the TJ ＋ FJ treatment. The treatment of TJ ＋ FJ increased the net photosynthetic rate （Pn） , the average single fruit weight, the soluble solid content and the anthocyanin content of highbush blue- betwy significantly （ P 〈 0.05 ）, but decreased the titratable acid content significantly （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Thus it could be seen that applying sawdust could improve the soil pemmability of air, increase the soil nutrients, en-hance the photosynthetic capacity, then promote the growth and improve the fruit quality of highbush blueber- ry. The effect of the combination of soil application and mulching pattern was the best.

关 键 词：锯末 土壤理化性质 高灌蓝莓 光合特性 果实品质 

分 类 号：S663.901[农业科学—果树学]