西藏拉萨市区夏季同域物种灰背伯劳与山斑鸠生态位重叠初探  

Niche overlapping by the summer sympatric species grey-backed shrike(Lanius tephronotus)and rufous turtle dove(Streptopelia orientalis)in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region

作　　者：米玛旺堆[1] 许国琪 仁增 刘宇佳 王凯 Migmar-Wangdwei;XU Guo-qi;Renzeng;LIU Yu-jia;WANG Kai(School of Science,Tibet University,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学理学院,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《高原科学研究》2018年第3期1-9,共9页Plateau Science Research

基　　金：西藏自治区大学生创新创业计划项目(2015QCX010)

摘　　要：生态位重叠指数在一定程度上可以反映物种之间潜在的竞争程度和分化程度。为此,在2015年8—9月、2016年6—8月采用无距离样线法对拉萨河谷拉萨市区段内迁徙鸟类中的灰背伯劳与山斑鸠集中的6个样点进行调查。利用Levins公式、Pianka公式在生境维的4个子维度上进行生态位重叠分析,通过R软件对物种活动特征进行t检验,并对栖息物及其分布数量进行广义线性拟合。结果表明:地域分布、距最近步道、垂直分布、栖息物的选择上重叠指数分别为1.00、0.98、0.87、0.82;活动特征分析中栖息物高度(t=-2.548, P=0.011)、距最近步道(t=-2.009, P=0.046)呈显著性差异,直视郁闭度(t=-3.651, P<0.001)、行为持续时间(t=11.271, P<0.001)极为显著;拟合模型中山斑鸠与草地(β=2.4849, SE=0.2524, P<0.000)、步道(β=2.8332, SE=0.2425, P<0.0001)之间呈极显著正相关,灰背伯劳则与银白杨(β=2.5649, SE=0.7338, P=0.0005)、其他栖息物(β=2.3979, SE=0.7385, P=0.0012)等之间呈显著正相关。Niche overlapping indexes indicate potential competition and niche separation among species. Present study was conducted from August to September 2015 and from June to August 2016 in Lhasa. Point-transects was used for collecting data on the grey-backed shrike （Lanius tephronotus） and rufous turtle dove （Streptopelia orientalis）. Levins and Pianka models were applied for analysis of the niche-overlapping index between grey-backed shrike and mfous turtle dove in different habitat variables. The t-test on species activity characteristics was carried out by using R software, and the number of habitats and bird distribution were modeled by generalized linear fitting. The results showed that the overlapping indices were 1.00, 0.98, 0.87 and 0.82 in geographical distribution, the nearest path selected by both species, vertical distribution and habitat selection, respectively. The activity characteristics of vertical distribution （t=-2.548, P=0.011） and the nearest path （t=- 2.009, P=0.046） were significantly different, and erthyphoria canopy density （t=-3.651, P〈0.001） and behavior duration （t=11.271, P〈0.001） were very significant. There was a positive correlation between rufous turtle dove and grassland（β=2.4849, SE=0.2524, P〈0.000）, path （β=2.8332, SE=0.2425, P〈0.0001）, while the grey-backed shrike and populus alba L （β=2.5649, SE=0.7338, P=0.0005） and other habitats （β=2.3979, SE=0.7385, P= 0.0012） had significant positive correlation.

关 键 词：灰背伯劳(Lanius tephronotus) 山斑鸠(Streptopelia orientalis) 生态位 迁徙鸟类 生境维 夏季同域物种 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]