略论启蒙运动时期西方理性主义的发展  

On the Development of Western Rationalism in the Age of Enlightenment

作　　者：韩彩英[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学外国语学院,太原030006

出　　处：《学理论》2018年第10期103-105,共3页Theory Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"关于西方科学文化之渊源与嬗变的历史梳理和哲学考察"(12YJA720006)

摘　　要：启蒙运动在很大程度上是近代科学革命之所以能够展开和深化的重要原因。启蒙运动对于近代科学革命的根本功绩在于基于数学范型实现了理性主义与确定性理想的汇合。贝克莱曾试图整合经验与理性两个维度来解决知识获得问题。而休谟则接受了洛克"感觉论"基本原理,并以此来批评贝克莱的心灵理论。为了解决知识的确定性问题,康德就先天真理与后天真理做了重要区别。近代哲学的发展为世人提供了对于科学活动本性的一些理解。在启蒙运动的自由主义潮流中,由英国提出并很快遍及全欧的"自然神论",得出了支配宇宙的自然法则概念以及宇宙作为一个大钟表模型的机械哲学。由此,传统和教条的权威被迅速侵蚀,取而代之的是关于发现自然和社会深奥真理的数学-逻辑和实验能力的信念。The Enlightenment,to a large extent,is an important reason for the occurrence and deepening of the modern Scientific Revolution. The real merit of the Enlightenment lies in the convergence of rationalism and the ideal of certainty based on the mathematical model. George Berkeley tried to solve the problem of knowledge acquirement by integrating the two dimensions of experience and reason while David Hume took the basic principles of John Locke's sensationalism and with which criticized Berkeley's theory of mind. To solve the problem of the certainty of knowledge,Immanuel Kant distinguished between a priori truth and a posteriori truth. The development of modern philosophy has offered us some understanding about the nature of scientific activities. Amid the tide of Enlightenment liberalism,the deism put forth by the English and spread rapidly throughout Europe,educed the concept of natural laws governing the universe as well as the mechanical philosophy taking the universe as a big clock model. Thereby the authority of traditions and doctrines gave way quickly to the belief in people's mathematical-logical and experimental capacities to find the profound truth of nature and society.

关 键 词：启蒙运动 数学范型 理性主义 确定性理想 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学]