飞机噪声与人为干扰对麻雀惊飞距离的影响  

Influences of aircraft noise and human disturbance on the flush initiation distance of Passer montanus

作　　者：潘汝南 赵树兰[1,2] 多立安[1,2] PAN Ru＇nan;ZHAO Shulan;DUO Li＇an(Research Center for Control of Biodiversity and Airport Bird Strike,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;College of Life Sciences,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学生物多样性调控与机场鸟击防御研究中心,天津300387 [2]天津师范大学生命科学学院,天津300387

出　　处：《天津师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第5期42-46,80,共6页Journal of Tianjin Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：民航专业资助项目(机场‘生态岛’鸟类生态综合防控技术研究);天津滨海国际机场委托课题资助项目(天津滨海机场鸟撞环境生态成因分析及其防范措施)

摘　　要：为了研究机场内特殊噪音环境(平均噪音值大于80 d B)与人为干扰对鸟类行为的影响,在天津滨海国际机场内选取2个代表性样点:距离跑道最近且飞机起降时噪声分贝最高的样点1;距离跑道最远且有人类居住的样点2.以机场内鸟撞风险高危鸟类麻雀作为研究对象,于2016年3月—2017年2月期间采用激光测距望远镜观测其惊飞行为,将有无飞机起降、实验者着装颜色、移动速率作为主要干扰因子,分析不同干扰下麻雀的惊飞距离(FID).结果表明:在噪音分贝最大的样点1中,麻雀全年的FID均高于同时期有人类居住的样点2中的数值;同一样点中,秋冬季的FID均高于春夏季的数值,但季节对于不同干扰方式下麻雀FID的影响不显著(P>0.05).在3个因子中,有无飞机起降对于麻雀的FID影响最显著,是影响麻雀耐受性的主要因素;其次是实验者的移动速率;实验者的着装颜色对麻雀FID的影响最小.总的来看,麻雀在离跑道较近处有较大的FID,在远离飞机起降、有人类居住的样点中有较小的FID,即麻雀对飞机起降噪音敏感,对人为干扰的耐受性较强.In order to study the effects of special noise in airport and human disturbance on behaviors of birds,two sample sites at Tianjin Binhai International Airport were chosen. One is close to the runway with a high decibel level（Site 1）,another is far from the runway and close to human habitations（Site 2）. Passer montanus was adopted as the research object for its high-risk crashing into airplanes,and laser ranging telescope was used to observe the scare behavior of Passer montanus from March 2016 to February 2017. The main disturbance factors include the take-off and landing of airplanes,the experimenter′s dress color and the moving speed of experimenter. The flush initiation distance（FID）of Passer montanus under different disturbances was analyzed. The results showed that in Site 1 which has the largest noise decibels,the FIDs of Passer montanus were higher than those in Site 2 in the same period,which was inhabited by humans. Though the FID in autumn and winter was higher than that in spring and summer in the same site,the seasonal influence on the FID of Passer mon-tanus under the different disturbances was not significant（P〉0.05）. Among the three factors,the influence of aircraft takeoff and landing on the FID of Passer montanus was the most significant,which was the main factor influencing the tolerance of Passer mon-tanus;the second important factor was the moving speed of experimenter,and the influence of experimenter′s dress color was the minimum. Overall,Passer montanus had relatively larger FID in the place near runway,and had smaller FID in the place near human habitats. That is,Passer montanus was sensitive to the noise of take-off and landing of airplanes,and was relatively tolerant to human disturbances.

关 键 词：麻雀 惊飞距离 人为干扰 噪声 耐受性 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]