膳食干预对孕妇饮食模式和妊娠结局的影响  

Effects of dietary intervention on dietary patterns and pregnancy outcome among pregnant women

作　　者：崔志清[1] 侯志勇[1] 孙菲 Cui Zhiqing, Hou Zhiyong, Sun Fei(Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China ; Beijing Geriatric Healthcare Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学宣武医院妇产科,北京100053 [2]北京市老年保健及疾病防治中心

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2018年第24期2911-2915,共5页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

摘　　要：目的评价膳食干预对改善孕妇饮食行为和模式、控制孕期增重以及预防不良妊娠结局的效果。方法2017年3—12月将1000名妊娠13周前的正常单胎初产妇，采用随机数字表法随机分为干预组和对照组，各500名。干预组给予孕期膳食营养健康教育及个体化的营养指导，对照组接受常规孕期营养保健知识培训。采用一般情况调查问卷、营养知识、态度和行为（KAP）调查问卷、病例报告表（CRF）采集两组人口社会学特征、分娩结局、妊娠期并发症及KAP问卷评分以及孕期体重增长等相关信息，利用饮食频率调查问卷（FFQ）对两组孕妇各类食物的消费情况进行调查。结果本次研究共采集986份有效数据（干预组494份，对照组492份）。干预组孕妇BMI和孕期增重在正常范围内的比例高于对照组，妊娠期并发症、剖宫产率、巨大儿和早产儿发生率均低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；孕早期，干预组和对照组孕妇的KAP问卷评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；在孕中期和孕晚期，干预组孕妇KAP问卷评分高于对照组，也高于孕早期，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。孕晚期，干预组孕妇除“粗粮及其制品”的消费频率与早孕期比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）外，其他各类食物的消费频率均高于孕早期，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论孕期膳食干预有助于孕妇保持正常孕期增重，提高孕期合理膳食的知信行水平，改善膳食行为，预防妊娠期并发症和不良妊娠结局。Objective To explore the effects of dietary intervention on dietary behavior, dietary patterns, pregnancy weight gain control and prevention of adverse pregnancy outcome among singleton pregnant women. Methods From March 2017 to December 2017, a total of 1 000 primiparas with normal singleton pregnancy less than 13 weeks were randomly divided into intervention group and control group with the random number table, 500 cases in each group. Pregnant women of intervention group were received pregnancy diet nutrition health education and individualized nutrition guidance. Pregnant women of control group were treated with routine training on pregnancy nutrition and health care knowledge. The General Information Questionnaire, Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude, Practice （KAP） Questionnaire and the Case Report Form （CRF） were used to investigated related information in two groups, such as the population characteristics of sociology, pregnancy outcome, pregnancy complications, the score of KAP questionnaire and pregnancy weight gain. The Food Frequency Questionnaire （FFQ） was used to investigate the consumption of foods of pregnant women. Results A total of 986 pieces of valid data （494 in intervention group and 492 in control group） were collected in this study. The proportion of pregnant women with normal body mass index （BMI） and pregnancy weight gain in intervention group was higher than that in control group ; the incidences of pregnancy complications, cesarean delivery, giant baby and premature baby of intervention group were lower than those of control group with significant differences （P 〈 0.05）. There was no statistical difference in the score of KAP questionnaire of pregnant women between intervention group and control group during first-trimester （P 〉 0.05）. The scores of KAP questionnaire of pregnant women during second-trimester and last trimester in intervention group were significantly higher than those in control group as well as those during first-trimester （P 〈 0.01）. T

关 键 词：孕妇 妊娠并发症 妊娠结局 膳食干预 体重增长 

分 类 号：R473.71[医药卫生—护理学]