典型海湾风暴潮特征数值模拟与研究  

Study and numerical simulation of typhoon storm surge characteristics at the typical bay

作　　者：杨万康[1] 杨青莹[1] 张峰[1] 宋泽坤[1] YANG Wan-kang;YANG Qing-ying;ZHANG Feng;SONG Ze-kun(Key Laboratory of Engineering Oceanography,the Second Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第二海洋研究所工程海洋学重点实验室,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《海洋通报》2018年第5期537-547,564,共12页Marine Science Bulletin

基　　金：广东省近海海洋变化与灾害预警重点实验室开放基金(GLOD1405);浙江省自然科学基金青年基金(LQ16D060007)

摘　　要：铁山港海湾是一个遭受风暴潮灾害影响较为严重的半封闭型海湾,基于有限元海洋数学模型ADCIRC (Advanced Circulation Model)研究了1409号"威马逊"台风期间铁山港海湾的风暴潮特征及非线性作用。结果表明:当考虑天文潮与风暴潮之间的相互作用时,风暴潮水位的计算结果更加准确,只考虑纯台风影响时,计算结果会低估风暴潮增水值,高估减水值,对预报结果造成较大的误差。海湾内部的增水要远大于湾外,但是减水值则相差不大。通过对天文潮和风暴潮非线性作用的影响因子进行分析,风应力的浅水效应可以忽略,但底摩擦项和对流项影响较大。在海湾内部对流项占主导地位,与天文潮的耦合作用也较强;而在湾外,底摩擦项占优势,耦合作用在海湾内外都较强。天文潮与风暴潮相互作用产生的非线性水位在湾顶处最大可达0.94 m,出现在风暴潮最大减水时刻,风暴潮增水发生后有所减弱,非线性水位表现出从湾外向湾内递增的规律。Tieshan harbor is a semi-closed bay influenced by severe severestorm surge. Based on the finite element ocean model ADCIRC （Advanced Circulation Mode）, the characteristics of storm surge and tide-surge interaction at Tieshan harbor is studied during NO. 1409 typhoon Rammasun. Numerical experiments indicate that the consideration of tide-surge interaction in simulation improves practical surge prediction. The results forced only by wind will underestimate the positive storem surge and overestimate negative surge value, causing great error to forecast prediction. The positive surge at the bay is much larger than that outside the bay, but the negative surge is not much different. By analyzing the nonlinear tems between tides and storm surges, the shallow water effect of wind stress is negligible and the effects of bottom fi＇iction term and advection term are significant. The advection term coupling strongly with the astronomical tide dominates inside of the bay while the bottom fi＇iction term dominates outside of the bay, and coupling effects of the bottom fi＇iction term is strong both inside and outside the bay. The nonlinear residual due to tide-surge interaction can reach 0.94 m at the top of the bay and occurs when the maximun negative storm surge happens. The nonlinear residual is reduced when positive surge occurs. The nonlinear residual value increases fi＇om outside to head of the bay.

关 键 词：ADCIRC “威马逊”台风 最大风暴潮减水 最大风暴潮增水 非线性水位 

分 类 号：P731.34[天文地球—海洋科学]