中国海洋生物增殖放流现状与建议  

Present Situation and Suggestion of Marine Stock Enhancement in China

作　　者：尤锋[1] 王丽娟[1] 刘梦侠 You Feng;Wang Lijuan;LiuMengxia(Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Science,Qingdao,Shandong,266071;Marine Biology Institute of Shandong Province,Qingdao,Shandong,266104)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所 [2]山东省海洋生物研究院

出　　处：《中国海洋经济》2017年第1期141-156,共16页Marine Economy in China

基　　金：国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项No.201305043阶段性成果

摘　　要：近海生物种群的衰退和资源量下降，使人们对水产品日益增加的需求远远得不到满足。增殖放流可以有效地增加渔业产量，并且修复渔业生态环境，已成为许多国家常用的资源修复方法之一。增殖放流是一项复杂的系统工程，但是国内有关增殖放流的相关基础研究较少，很多增殖放流工作带有较大盲目性。本文综述了目前中国海洋生物增殖放流的基本状况，分析了增殖放流的生态和遗传学风险，同时总结了中国渔业增殖放流存在的问题，并提出相应的建议。以期为中国增殖放流工作的高效开展、放流技术的改进以及渔业资源的可持续利用提供参考。Wild stocks of marine organisms are heavily depleted and resources have dramatically decreased due to a few factors like overfishing and environmental pollution. Fishery resource stock enhancement is an effective method for restocking and enhancing fishery biomass, and repairing the marine fish ecological environment. And it has become one of the most important measures in conserving of the living aquatic resources in many countries. Stock enhancement is a complicated systematic project, but there are few systematical studies on stock enhancement in our country. Therefore, there is certain blindness in present stock enhancement work. In this paper, the status of marine stock enhancement in China was reviewed, and the ecological and genetic impacts of stock enhancement which should be considered in the practice were analyzed. In the meanwhile, the paper made a comprehensive review on the existing issues in marine stock enhancement in our country, and given related recommendations. It is hoped to provide valuable references for the management on future marine stock enhancement programs and fish resource sustainable utilization of China.

关 键 词：海洋生物 增殖放流物种增殖类型 生态风险遗传学评估 

分 类 号：F326.4[经济管理—产业经济]