如何认识历史人物的“历史问题”——以美国夏洛茨维尔事件和美国“改写历史”风波为中心  

How to Understand the “Historical Problems” of Historical Figures:Centering on the Charlottesville Incident and America's Rewriting History Issue

作　　者：杨奎松[1] Yang Kuisong

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史系,教授上海200241

出　　处：《史学月刊》2018年第10期75-103,共29页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：自20世纪下半叶以来,是否要重写美国历史,逐渐成了美国史学界一个颇有争议的话题。2017年8月12日,美国夏洛茨维尔事件爆发,更是将这一问题推到了公众舆论的风口浪尖。美国的历史叙事究竟应该基于国家的视角,主诉精英阶层的历史贡献,亦或应该基于民众的视角,强调黑人、印第安人、少数族裔、贫苦劳工和妇女争取平等权利的斗争史,已经成为一个极易触动不同社会人群情感和立场的大问题。要解决这个问题,显然不应仅仅依据当今欧美通行的"政治正确"的观点,简单地来做出是黑是白的价值判断。人类社会的历史发展既然始终是渐进的,今人又只能在一定的时空条件下来考察历史中人的具体行为,就既应注意到其认知不可避免的局限性,同时也应该认识到,许多在今天看来"不正确"的观念和行为,对推动历史发展的渐进,未必不具有某种接力的作用。Since the second half of the past century,whether to rewrite American history has become a controversial issue in American historiography.In August 12,2017,the outbreak of the Charlottesville incident in the United States pushed this issue to the cusp of public opinion.Should the historical narrative of the United States be based on the national perspective,emphasizing the historical contribution of the elites,or be built upon the people＇s perspective,emphasizing the struggle history of the Blacks,Indians,ethnic minorities,poor workers and women fighting for equal rights？This has become a major issue,which could easily touch feelings and positions of different social groups.To solve this problem,drawing on today＇s＂politically correct＂viewpoint is apparently unviable.It is impossible to make simple＂black and white＂value judgments.Since the historical development of human society has always been gradual,and we can only observe the specific behaviors of human beings under the specific space-time condition,we should note the inevitable limitations of people＇s cognition,and realize that many＂incorrect＂concepts and behaviors from today＇s view might promote the gradual development of history and play some relaying role.

关 键 词：夏洛茨维尔事件 “改写历史” “政治正确” 美国国父 “历史问题” 

分 类 号：K03[历史地理—历史学]