傈僳族与汉族青少年2005—2014年身体素质指标动态比较  

Dynamic contrast on five indictors of adolescent physical fitness between Lisu and Han Students from 2005 to 2014

作　　者：张耀武 张丽芳[2] 黄达峰[2] 韦蝶心[2] 邓淑珍[2] 刘春艳[2] 杨帆 常利涛[2] ZHANG Yaowu;ZHANG Lifang;HUANG Dafeng;WEI Diexin;DENG Shuzhen;LIU Chunyan;YANG Fan;CHANG Litao(Education Bureau of Nujiang,Lisu Autonomous Prefecture,Nujiang（673199）,Yunnan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省怒江傈僳族自治州教育局,673199 [2]云南省疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2018年第9期1360-1362,1366,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的比较傈僳族与汉族学生的5项身体素质指标,为促进学生体质健康发展提供依据。方法分别于2005,2010,2014年对云南省学生进行体质健康调查,将傈僳族和汉族12,15,18岁3个关键年龄组数据进行动态比较。结果2014年,傈僳族与汉族学生身体素质差异最大的有速度:男生15岁组汉族[(7.67±0.60) s]好于傈僳族[(8.07±0.55) s];灵巧度:女生18岁组傈僳族[(174. 03±14. 90) cm]好于汉族[(161. 17±18. 04) cm];力量:男生15岁组傈僳族[(7.56±5.33)次/min]好于汉族[(3.85±4.48)次/min];耐力:男生12岁傈僳族[(102.50±9.23) s]好于汉族[(116.18±20.93) s];柔韧度:男生12岁组傈僳族[(11.13±4.35) cm]好于汉族[(2.91±6.26) cm](P值均<0.05)。呈明显上升趋势的有速度、灵巧度、力量,且均为傈僳族15岁男生(P值均<0.01),耐力、柔韧度分别是傈僳族和汉族18岁女生(P值均<0.01);呈明显下降趋势的有速度、灵巧度、力量,且均为汉族18岁女生(P值均<0.01),耐力为汉族18岁男生(F=41.38,P<0.01),柔韧度为汉族12岁男生(F=21.67,P<0.01)。结论傈僳族学生柔韧度和耐力素质好于汉族,速度、力量、灵巧度素质与汉族缩小差距或优于汉族。汉族学生的力量素质及18岁学生的身体素质呈严重下降趋势。Objective To contrast five indictors of adolescent physical fitness between Lisu and Han students dynamically,and to provide the basis for promoting physical fitness and health of students. Methods The students in Yunan Province were surveyed in the National Survey on physical fitness in 2005,2010 and 2014 respectively,and the data of Lisu and Han students aged 12,15 or 18 were dynamically contrasted. Results The biggest differences according to data in 2014 were found in the following indicators： speed： male 15 A Han（ 7.67± 0.60 s） higher than Lisu（ 8.07± 0.55 s）; dexterity： female 18 A Lisu（ 174.03± 14.90 cm） higher than Han（ 161.17±18.04 cm） ： strength： male 15 A Lisu（ 7.56±5.33 t） higher than Han（ 3.85±4.48 t）; endurance：male 12 A Lisu（ 102.50±9.23 s） higher than Han（ 116.18± 20.93 s）; flexibility： male 12 A Lisu（ 11.13± 4.35 cm） higher than Han（ 2.91±6.26 cm）（ P〈0.05）. An upward tendency was found among male students aged 15 of Lisu nationality in speed,dexterity and strength（ P〈0.01）. The same tendency were found among female students aged 18 of Han nationality in endurance and flexibility（ P〈0.01）. The speed,dexterity,strength and endurance of the boys aged 18 showed a downward tendency（ P〈0.01）,and the flexibly of Han boys aged 12 had the same tendency（ F = 21.67,P〈0.01）. Conclusion Flexibility and endurance of Lisu students are better than that of Han students. Speed,strength and agility of Lisu students are gradually developing to the same level as Han students or even greater than them.The strength of Han students and the physical fitness of Han students aged 18 are declining dramatically,which cannot be ignored.

关 键 词：运动活动 健康状况指标 学生 少数民族 

分 类 号：G804.49[文化科学—运动人体科学] R79[文化科学—体育学]